Experimental degeneration of the vagus, and its relation to the nerve supply of the lung of the mouse, with special reference to the crossing innervation of the lung by the vagi

1956 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Honjin
2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Shimokawa ◽  
Shuangquin Yi ◽  
Shigenori Tanaka

Objective Descriptions of the innervation of the soft palate muscles in previous studies have varied according to the author. In the present study, distribution of the lesser palatine nerve, through which motor fibers of the facial nerve are considered to reach soft palate muscles, and that of the pharyngeal plexus in the soft palate were investigated in order to reexamine the innervation of the soft palate muscles according to anatomical evidence. Results Observations suggested that the levator veli palatini and palatopharyngeus were doubly innervated by branches of the lesser palatine nerve and pharyngeal plexus, and that the musculus uvulae was innervated by only the lesser palatine nerve. Conclusion The soft palate is considered to be located in the border region between the areas of distribution of the lesser palatine nerve and pharyngeal plexus. This may be why controversies exist in previous studies about the innervation of the soft palate muscles.


2019 ◽  

The purpose of this study was to describe the muscle anatomy of the external ear. Twelve head clinically healthy camels, 1-4 years old, were used in this study. They obtained from the Buraidah slaughterhouse. The study revealed that many ear muscles, which were responsible for the movement of the ear. These muscles distributed as dorsal, ventral, rostral and caudal muscles. The current study presented the external acoustic meatus, which has two parts cartilaginous, and osseous parts and it is covered with skin. The study indicated an external acoustic canal. The canal was long and oblique in camel; It prevents the rapid spread of epidemics, infections and the wounds or lesions of the tympanic membrane. As well as this study showed the external ear derived the nerves supply from the cranial auricular branch and caudal auricular branch. While the blood supply was given by caudal auricular and the rostral auricular arteries.


1995 ◽  
Vol 241 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Akita ◽  
Hirokazu Sakamoto ◽  
Tatso Sato

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Abe ◽  
Masayuki Fukuda ◽  
Shigeki Yamane ◽  
Hideki Saka ◽  
Yukio Katori ◽  
...  

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