scholarly journals Proposal for a Methodology to Create an Artificial Pancreas for the Control of Type 1 Diabetes using Machine Learning and Automated Insulin Dosing Systems (AID)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Vilanova ◽  
Anderson Jefferson Cerqueira
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Medication Changes

The number of children, adolescents, and adults living with diabetes increases annually due to the lack of physical activity, poor diet habits, stress, and genetic factors, and there are greater numbers in low-income countries. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present a proposal for a methodology for developing a pancreas using artificial intelligence to control the required doses of insulin for a patient with type 1 diabetes (T1D), according to data received from monitoring sensors. The information collected can be used by physicians to make medication changes and improve patients’ glucose control using insulin pumps for optimum performance. Therefore, using the model proposed in this work, the patient is offered a gain in glucose control and, therefore, an improvement in quality of life, as well as in the costs related to hospitalization.

scholarly journals Current treatment options and challenges in patients with Type 1 diabetes: Pharmacological, technical advances and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Boscari ◽  
Angelo Avogaro
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Current Treatment

AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus imposes a significant burden of complications and mortality, despite important advances in treatment: subjects affected by this disease have also a worse quality of life-related to disease management. To overcome these challenges, different new approaches have been proposed, such as new insulin formulations or innovative devices. The introduction of insulin pumps allows a more physiological insulin administration with a reduction of HbA1c level and hypoglycemic risk. New continuous glucose monitoring systems with better accuracy have allowed, not only better glucose control, but also the improvement of the quality of life. Integration of these devices with control algorithms brought to the creation of the first artificial pancreas, able to independently gain metabolic control without the risk of hypo- and hyperglycemic crisis. This approach has revolutionized the management of diabetes both in terms of quality of life and glucose control. However, complete independence from exogenous insulin will be obtained only by biological approaches that foresee the replacement of functional beta cells obtained from stem cells: this will be a major challenge but the biggest hope for the subjects with type 1 diabetes. In this review, we will outline the current scenario of innovative diabetes management both from a technological and biological point of view, and we will also forecast some cutting-edge approaches to reduce the challenges that hamper the definitive cure of diabetes.

Author response for "Effects of Advanced Carbohydrate Counting on Glucose Control and Quality of Life in Children with Type 1 Diabetes"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelie Donzeau ◽  
Elisabeth Bonnemaison ◽  
Vanessa Vautier ◽  
Vanessa Menut ◽  
Laure Houdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Carbohydrate Counting

scholarly journals Use of a do-it-yourself artificial pancreas system is associated with better glucose management and higher quality of life among adults with type 1 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204201882095014
Author(s):  
Zekai Wu ◽  
Sihui Luo ◽  
Xueying Zheng ◽  
Yan Bi ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Pump Therapy ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Glucose Management

Background: Previous studies show that the use of do-it-yourself artificial pancreas system (DIYAPS) may be associated with better glycemic control characterized by improved estimated hemoglobin A1c (eHbA1c) and time in range among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, few studies have demonstrated the changes in laboratory-measured HbA1c, which is a more accepted index for glycemic control, after using a DIYAPS. Methods: This is a retrospective before-after study approaching patients who reported self-use of AndroidAPS. The main inclusion criteria included: T1D; aged ⩾18 years; having complete record of ⩾3 months of continuous AndroidAPS use; with laboratory-measured HbA1c and quality of life scale data before and after 3 months of AndroidAPS use; and not pregnant. The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c between baseline and 3 months after initiation of AndroidAPS use. Results: Overall, 15 patients (10 females) were included; the median age was 32.2 years (range: 19.2–69.4), median diabetes duration was 9.7 years (range: 1.8–23.7) and median baseline HbA1c was 7.3% (range: 6.4–10.1). The 3 months of AndroidAPS use was associated with substantial reductions in HbA1c [6.79% (SD: 1.29) versus 7.63% (SD: 1.06), p = 0.002] and glycemic variability when compared with sensor-augmented pump therapy. A lower level of fear of hypoglycemia [22.13 points (SD: 6.87) versus 26.27 points (SD: 5.82), p = 0.010] was also observed after using AndroidAPS. Conclusions: The 3 months of AndroidAPS use was associated with significant improvements in glucose management and quality of life among adults with T1D.

Effects of advanced carbohydrate counting on glucose control and quality of life in children with type 1 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1240-1248
Author(s):  
Aurelie Donzeau ◽  
Elisabeth Bonnemaison ◽  
Vanessa Vautier ◽  
Vanessa Menut ◽  
Laure Houdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Carbohydrate Counting

scholarly journals Microvascular Outcomes of Pediatric-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Center Observational Case Reviews in Sana’a, Yemen

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117955141774921
Author(s):  
Abdallah Ahmed Gunaid
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Onset Type ◽  
Pediatric Onset

Microvascular complications of pediatric-onset type 1 diabetes are common in low-income countries. In this study, we aimed at reviewing microvascular outcomes in 6 cases with type 1 diabetes over 14 to 31 years of follow-up. Severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and/or diabetic macular edema (maculopathy) (DME) and overt diabetic nephropathy (macroalbuminuria) were seen among 4 of 6 patients, whereas severe diabetic peripheral neuropathy with Charcot neuroarthropathy was seen in 1 patient only, who had the longest duration of follow-up. The weighted mean (SD) (95% confidence interval) hemoglobin A1c was 8.9 (1.6) (8.4-9.4)% [74 (17) (68-80) mmol/mol] for PDR/DME and 8.6 (1.7) (8.0-9.0)% [71 (19) (65-77) mmol/mol] for macroalbuminuria. Thyroid autoimmunity was positive in 3 patients with overt hypothyroidism in 2 of them. Worse microvascular outcomes among these cases might be attributed to poor glycemic control, lack of knowledge, and limited financial resources.

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