The Orlando Ricans: Overlapping Iden tity Discourses among Middle-Class Puerto Rican Immigrants

Anarchist Alliances, Government Repression

10.5406/illinois/9780252037641.003.0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Kirwin R. Shaffer

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Middle Class ◽

Puerto Rican ◽

Freedom Of Speech ◽

Free Expression ◽

Educational Issues ◽

Southern City

This chapter explores how some anarchists aligned themselves with the emerging freethinkers' movement centered in the southern city of Ponce to address educational issues on the island. The Puerto Rican Left had been founding CESs since the end of the nineteenth century, which gave workers a source of radicalized education. While the freethinkers were mostly middle-class professionals, they shared with anarchists a fervent belief in free expression and freedom of speech. In addition, both anarchists and freethinkers condemned what they saw as the influence of religion on society, especially in education. As a result, both called for rationalist education modeled after the ideals and Modern Schools in Spain developed by Francisco Ferrer y Guardia.

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Long-term socialisation goals and the construction of infants’ social networks among middle class Anglo and Puerto Rican mothers

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1080/016502501316934888 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 450-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Amy M. Miller ◽

Robin L. Harwood

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Middle Class ◽

Puerto Rican ◽

Maternal Employment ◽

Cultural Beliefs ◽

Geographic Distance ◽

Frequency Of Contact ◽

Individual Variations ◽

Study Results

This study examined the relation between mothers’ long-term socialisation goals and the social networks they construct for their infants. Middle class Anglo (n = 32) and Puerto Rican (n = 28) mothers were interviewed regarding: (a) their long-term socialisation goals; (b) how often their infants’ typically have contact with friends and family members; and (c) specific family circumstances which might influence contact with relatives, including geographic distance, maternal employment status, and child care arrangements. Study results indicated that mothers’ long-term socialisation goals were correlated with the type and frequency of social contacts they structured for their infants. Moreover, limited evidence was found for the influence of group membership on frequency of contact with relatives, despite individual variations in family circumstances. Results are interpreted as illuminating one aspect of the interface between cultural beliefs and socialisation practices within the constructs of individualism/sociocentrism.

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