scholarly journals Fluvial organic carbon fluxes from oil palm plantations on tropical peatland

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (24) ◽  
pp. 7435-7450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cook ◽  
Mick J. Whelan ◽  
Chris D. Evans ◽  
Vincent Gauci ◽  
Mike Peacock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Tropical Peatland ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Tropical Peatlands ◽  
Carbon Losses

Abstract. Intact tropical peatlands are dense long-term stores of carbon. However, the future security of these ecosystems is at risk from land conversion and extensive peatland drainage. This can enhance peat oxidation and convert long-term carbon sinks into significant carbon sources. In Southeast Asia, the largest land use on peatland is for oil palm plantation agriculture. Here, we present the first annual estimate of exported fluvial organic carbon in the drainage waters of four peatland oil palm plantation areas in Sarawak, Malaysia. Total organic carbon (TOC) fluxes from the plantation second- and third-order drains were dominated (91 %) by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ranged from 34.4 ± 9.7 C m−2 yr−1 to 57.7 %, 16.3 g C m−2 yr−1 (± 95 % confidence interval). These fluxes represent a single-year survey which was strongly influenced by an El Ninõ event and therefore lower discharge than usual was observed. The magnitude of the flux was found to be influenced by water table depth, with higher TOC fluxes observed from more deeply drained sites. Radiocarbon dating on the DOC component indicated the presence of old (pre-1950s) carbon in all samples collected, with DOC at the most deeply drained site having a mean age of 735 years. Overall, our estimates suggest fluvial TOC contributes ∼ 5 % of total carbon losses from oil palm plantations on peat. Maintenance of high and stable water tables in oil palm plantations appears to be key to minimising TOC losses. This reinforces the importance of considering all carbon loss pathways, rather than just CO2 emissions from the peat surface, in studies of tropical peatland land conversion.

scholarly journals Fluvial organic carbon fluxes from oil palm plantations on tropical peatland

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cook ◽  
Mick J. Whelan ◽  
Chris D. Evans ◽  
Vincent Gauci ◽  
Mike Peacock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Tropical Peatland ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Tropical Peatlands ◽  
Carbon Losses

Abstract. Intact tropical peatlands are dense, long-term stores of carbon. However, the future security of these ecosystems is at risk from land conversion and extensive peatland drainage. This can enhance peat oxidation and convert long-term carbon sinks into significant carbon sources. In Southeast Asia, the largest land use on peatland is for oil palm plantation agriculture. Here, we present the first annual estimate of exported fluvial organic carbon in the drainage waters of four peatland oil palm plantation areas in Sarawak, Malaysia. Total organic carbon (TOC) fluxes from the plantation second and third order drains were dominated by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ranged from 34.4 ± 9.7 C m−2 yr−1 to 57.7 ± 16.3 g C m−2 yr−1 (± 95 % confidence interval). The magnitude of the flux was found to be influenced by water table depth, with higher TOC fluxes observed from more deeply drained sites. Radiocarbon dating on the DOC component indicated the presence of old (pre-1950s) carbon in all samples collected, with DOC at the most deeply drained site having a mean age of 735 years. Overall, our estimates suggest fluvial TOC contributes ~ 5 % of total carbon losses from oil palm plantations on peat. Maintenance of high and stable water tables in oil palm plantations appears to be key to minimising TOC losses. This reinforces the importance of considering all carbon loss pathways, rather than just CO2 emissions from the peat surface, in studies of tropical peatland land conversion.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization and Ground Water Level Changes on Soil CO2 Fluxes from Oil Palm Plantation on Tropical Peatland

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1340
Author(s):  
Auldry Chaddy ◽  
Lulie Melling ◽  
Kiwamu Ishikura ◽  
Kah Joo Goh ◽  
Yo Toma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Root Activity ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Tropical Peatland ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

A long-term study on the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in tropical peatland was conducted to (1) quantify the annual CO2 emissions from an oil palm plantation under different N application rates and (2) evaluate the temporal effects of groundwater level (GWL) and water-filled pore space (WFPS) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and CO2 fluxes. Monthly measurement of soil CO2 fluxes using a closed chamber method was carried out from January 2010 until December 2013 and from January 2016 to December 2017 in an oil palm plantation on tropical peat in Sarawak, Malaysia. Besides the control (T1, without N fertilization), there were three N treatments: low N (T2, 31.1 kg N ha−1 year−1), moderate N (T3, 62.2 kg N ha−1 year−1), and high N (T4, 124.3 kg N ha−1 year−1). The annual CO2 emissions ranged from 7.7 ± 1.2 (mean ± SE) to 16.6 ± 1.0 t C ha−1 year−1, 9.8 ± 0.5 to 14.8 ± 1.4 t C ha−1 year−1, 10.5 ± 1.8 to 16.8 ± 0.6 t C ha−1 year−1, and 10.4 ± 1.8 to 17.1 ± 3.9 t C ha−1 year−1 for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Application of N fertilizer had no significant effect on annual cumulative CO2 emissions in each year (p = 0.448), which was probably due to the formation of large quantities of inorganic N when GWL was temporarily lowered from January 2010 to June 2010 (−80.9 to −103.4 cm below the peat surface), and partly due to low soil organic matter (SOM) quality. A negative relationship between GWL and CO2 fluxes (p < 0.05) and a positive relationship between GWL and WFPS (p < 0.001) were found only when the oil palm was young (2010 and 2011) (p < 0.05), indicating that lowering of GWL increased CO2 fluxes and decreased WFPS when the oil palm was young. This was possibly due to the fact that parameters such as root activity might be more predominant than GWL in governing soil respiration in older oil palm plantations when GWL was maintained near or within the rooting zone (0–50 cm). This study highlights the importance of roots and WFPS over GWL in governing soil respiration in older oil palm plantations. A proper understanding of the interaction between the direct or indirect effect of root activity on CO2 fluxes and balancing its roles in nutrient and water management strategies is critical for sustainable use of tropical peatland.

scholarly journals Effect of inorganic fertilizer application on soil microbial diversity in an oil palm plantation

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 2279-2302
Author(s):  
Siti Suliza Salamat ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan ◽  
Yoshihito Shirai ◽  
Ahmad Husni Mohd. Hanif ◽  
Mohd Shahkhirat Norizan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Microbial Biodiversity ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

Excessive fertilizer applications in oil palm plantations are conventionally done to increase the oil yield, but they result in high production cost and environmental pollution. There have been only separate reports on the effects of fertilizer application on soil physical, chemical characteristics, and microbial biodiversity. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the correlation between soil characteristics and soil microbial biodiversity in oil palm plantation after long-term frequent chemical fertilizer application compared with secondary soil, using molecular methods of polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and MiSeq. Secondary forest soil was chosen as the control. The results showed that after 25 years of fertilizer application, the total nitrogen and organic carbon contents decreased from low to very low scale, indicating soil infertility condition. Reduction of Firmicutes was related to suppression of soil borne diseases, and Bacteroidetes which is an indicator of soil health were both almost eliminated after 25 years of fertilizer application. In conclusion, long-term inorganic fertilizer application reduced the soil nitrogen, and organic carbon, altered beneficial microbes in the soil.

scholarly journals Peat swamp forest conservation withstands pervasive land conversion to oil palm plantation in North Selangor, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (19) ◽  
pp. 7409-7438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis J. Charters ◽  
Paul Aplin ◽  
Christopher G. Marston ◽  
Rory Padfield ◽  
Nagarajan Rengasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp Forest ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Peat Swamp

scholarly journals MEDIATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE SETTLEMENT ON OIL PALM PLANTATION DISPUTE (A Lesson from Oil Palm Plantation Mediation in Sidomulyo Village, Ogan Komering Ilir District, South Sumatera Province)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Adrian Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Community Partnerships ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Integrated Team ◽  
Dispute Mediation

Mediation is considered as one of the effective solutions to resolve as well as tool to alter oil palm plantation disputes. This research was conducted with socio-legal approach. The test method was done by descriptive qualitative data analysis which describes a situation or phenomenon with words or sentences then separated by category for the conclusion. This research finding suggests that mediation has played a crucial role especially in decreasing the dispute intensity and achieving the agreement between conflicting parties. Subsequently, Mediation by integrated team of dispute resolution was divided into two stages: first stage was commencement of the mediation process and the second was implementation of mediation. Furthermore, several approaches that can do to alter dispute into a long-term harmonious relationship, namely: first, using the legal certainty approach, second, Company–community partnerships approach and third, capacity building for mediator approach.Keywords: altering dispute, mediation, oil palm plantation

scholarly journals Impact of land use change on organic carbon sequestration in Arenosol

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asta Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice ◽  
Liudmila Tripolskaja ◽  
Jonas Volungevicius ◽  
Eugenija Baksiene
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Organic Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Pine Forest Soil

Conversion of arable soils into other land uses can stabilize and increase accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and in addition prevent deterioration in its properties. The data has shown changes in SOC sequestration in Ap horizon after arable land conversion (1995–2015) into managed grassland, abandoned and pine afforested. SOC in Arenosol topsoil was positively affected by long term fallow and conversion into grassland. Abandoned land and fertilised managed grassland accumulated significantly more SOC, 48% and 38% respectively compared with arable land. In unfertilised managed grassland SOC stocks decreased 2.3% during 21 years, but losses were lower than in fertilised arable land. Pine afforestation of loamy sand helped to reduce the intensity of SOM mineralization compared to arable land. The Ap horizon thickness in pine forest soil increased from 28 to 31 cm during 21 years period. However, SOC stock decreased by 1% due to reduction in carbon concentration.

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