Conceptualization of a Critical Infrastructure Network – Model for Flood Risk Assessments

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-922 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roman Schotten ◽

Daniel Bachmann

Keyword(s):

Risk Analysis ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Critical Infrastructures ◽

Flood Exposure ◽

Infrastructure Network ◽

Flood Risk Analysis ◽

De Bruijn

In flood risk analysis it is a key principle to predetermine consequences of flooding to assets, people and infrastructures. Damages to critical infrastructures are not restricted to the flooded area. The effects of directly affected objects cascades to other infrastructures, which are not directly affected by a flood. Modelling critical infrastructure networks is one possible answer to the question &#8216;how to include indirect and direct impacts to critical infrastructures?&#8217;.Critical infrastructures are connected in very complex networks. The modelling of those networks has been a basis for different purposes (Ouyang, 2014). Thus, it is a challenge to determine the right method to model a critical infrastructure network. For this example, a network-based and topology-based method will be applied (Pant et al., 2018). The basic model elements are points, connectors and polygons which are utilized to resemble the critical infrastructure network characteristics.The objective of this model is to complement the state-of-the-art flood risk analysis with a quantitative analysis of critical infrastructure damages and disruptions for people and infrastructures. These results deliver an extended basis to differentiate the flood risk assessment and to derive measures for flood risk mitigation strategies. From a technical point of view, a critical infrastructure damage analysis will be integrated into the tool ProMaIDes (Bachmann, 2020), a free software for a risk-based evaluation of flood risk mitigation measures.The data on critical infrastructure cascades and their potential linkages is scars but necessary for an actionable modelling. The CIrcle method from Deltares delivers a method for a workshop that has proven to deliver applicable datasets for identifying and connecting infrastructures on basis of cascading effects (de Bruijn et al., 2019). The data gained from CIrcle workshops will be one compound for the critical infrastructure network model.Acknowledgment: This work is part of the BMBF-IKARIM funded project PARADes (Participatory assessment of flood related disaster prevention and development of an adapted coping system in Ghana).Bachmann, D. (2020). ProMaIDeS - Knowledge Base. https://promaides.myjetbrains.comde Bruijn, K. M., Maran, C., Zygnerski, M., Jurado, J., Burzel, A., Jeuken, C., & Obeysekera, J. (2019). Flood resilience of critical infrastructure: Approach and method applied to Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Water (Switzerland), 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030517Ouyang, M. (2014). Review on modeling and simulation of interdependent critical infrastructure systems. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 121, 43&#8211;60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2013.06.040Pant, R., Thacker, S., Hall, J. W., Alderson, D., & Barr, S. (2018). Critical infrastructure impact assessment due to flood exposure. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 11(1), 22&#8211;33. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12288

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A quantitative flood risk analysis methodology for urban areas with integration of social research data

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-12-2843-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2843-2863 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

I. Escuder-Bueno ◽

J. T. Castillo-Rodríguez ◽

S. Zechner ◽

C. Jöbstl ◽

S. Perales-Momparler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Risk Analysis ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Quantitative Estimation ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Risk Awareness ◽

Flood Risk Analysis ◽

Flooding Risk

Abstract. Risk analysis has become a top priority for authorities and stakeholders in many European countries, with the aim of reducing flooding risk, considering the population's needs and improving risk awareness. Within this context, two methodological pieces have been developed in the period 2009–2011 within the SUFRI project (Sustainable Strategies of Urban Flood Risk Management with non-structural measures to cope with the residual risk, 2nd ERA-Net CRUE Funding Initiative). First, the "SUFRI Methodology for pluvial and river flooding risk assessment in urban areas to inform decision-making" provides a comprehensive and quantitative tool for flood risk analysis. Second, the "Methodology for investigation of risk awareness of the population concerned" presents the basis to estimate current risk from a social perspective and identify tendencies in the way floods are understood by citizens. Outcomes of both methods are integrated in this paper with the aim of informing decision making on non-structural protection measures. The results of two case studies are shown to illustrate practical applications of this developed approach. The main advantage of applying the methodology herein presented consists in providing a quantitative estimation of flooding risk before and after investing in non-structural risk mitigation measures. It can be of great interest for decision makers as it provides rational and solid information.

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INTEGRATED FLOOD RISK ANALYSIS FOR EXTREME STORM SURGES (XTREMRISK)

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v32.management.9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (32) ◽

pp. 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andreas Burzel ◽

Dilani R. Dassanayake ◽

Marie Naulin ◽

Andreas Kortenhaus ◽

Hocine Oumeraci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Analysis ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Storm Surges ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Joint Research ◽

Extreme Storm ◽

Joint Research Project ◽

Flood Risk Analysis ◽

First Results

Extreme storm surges have frequently led to major damages also along the German coastline. The joint research project 'XtremRisK' was initiated to improve the understanding of risk-related issues due to extreme storm surges and to quantify the flood risk for two pilot sites at the open coast and in an estuarine area under present and future climate scenarios. In this context, an integrated flood risk analysis is performed based on the source-pathway-receptor concept under consideration of possible tangible and intangible losses. This paper describes the structure of the project, the methodology of the subprojects, and first results. Moreover, integration approaches are discussed. The results of 'XtremRisK' will be used to propose flood risk mitigation measures for the prospective end-users.

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Vulnerability assessment and interdependency analysis of critical infrastructures for climate adaptation and flood mitigation

International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment ◽

10.1108/ijdrbe-02-2014-0019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 313-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rodolfo Jr. Espada ◽

Armando Apan ◽

Kevin McDougall

Keyword(s):

Vulnerability Assessment ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

System Of Systems ◽

Flood Mitigation ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Critical Infrastructures ◽

Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a novel approach that examines the vulnerability and interdependency of critical infrastructures using the network theory in geographic information system (GIS) setting in combination with literature and government reports. Specifically, the objectives of this study were to generate the network models of critical infrastructure systems (CISs), particularly electricity, roads and sewerage networks; to characterize the CISs’ interdependencies; and to outline the climate adaptation (CA) and flood mitigation measures of CIS. Design/methodology/approach – An integrated approach was undertaken in assessing the vulnerability and interdependency of critical infrastructures. A single system model and system-of-systems model were operationalized to examine the vulnerability and interdependency of the identified critical infrastructures in GIS environment. Existing CA and flood mitigation measures from government reports were integrated in the above-mentioned findings to better understand and gain focus in the implementation of natural disaster risk reduction (DRR) policies, particularly during the 2010/2011 floods in Queensland, Australia. Findings – Using the results from the above-mentioned approach, the spatially explicit framework was developed with four key operational dimensions: conceiving the climate risk environment; understanding the critical infrastructures’ common cause and cascade failures; modeling individual infrastructure system and system-of-systems level within GIS setting; and integrating the above-mentioned results with the government reports to increase CA and resilience measures of flood-affected critical infrastructures. Research limitations/implications – While natural DRR measures include preparation, response and recovery, this study focused on flood mitigation. Temporal analysis and application to other natural disasters were also not considered in the analysis. Practical implications – By providing this information, government-owned corporations, CISs managers and other concerned stakeholders will allow to identify infrastructure assets that are highly critical, identify vulnerable infrastructures within areas of very high flood risk, examine the interdependency of critical infrastructures and the effects of cascaded failures, identify ways of reducing flood risk and extreme climate events and prioritize DRR measures and CA strategies. Originality/value – The individualist or “pigeon-hole” approach has been the common method of analyzing infrastructures’ exposure to flood hazards and tends to separately examine the risk for different types of infrastructure (e.g. electricity, water, sewerage, roads and rails and stormwater). This study introduced an integrated approach of analyzing infrastructure risk to damage and cascade failure due to flooding. Aside from introducing the integrated approach, this study operationalized GIS-based vulnerability assessment and interdependency of critical infrastructures which had been unsubstantially considered in the past analytical frameworks. The authors considered this study of high significance, considering that floodplain planning schemes often lack the consideration of critical infrastructure interdependency.

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Flood Risk Analysis for Critical Infrastructure Protection: Issues and Opportunities in Less Developed Societies

10.5772/intechopen.95364 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ugonna C. Nkwunonwo

Keyword(s):

Risk Analysis ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Critical Infrastructure Protection ◽

Human Environment ◽

Data Infrastructure ◽

Infrastructure Protection ◽

Flood Risk Analysis ◽

Flood Risk Reduction

This chapter presents all-important discussions relating to flood risk analysis which arguably is a subject of overwhelming significance within the context of less developed societies, for example Nigeria. Whilst a possible means of eradicating flooding from human environment is inconceivable, debates for more effective flood risk reduction methodologies for critical infrastructure protection must continue. Increased population and urbanisation scenarios drive worsened flood risk which trigger increased efforts for corporate adaptability to flooding. To ensure that social systems can cope with floods, it is important to investigate why best practices in flood risk reduction are not fully applicable. This chapter explores these issues drawing from extant dialogues on flood risk management (FRM). Arguably, the current flood modelling techniques and assessment of vulnerability operations largely do not support a realistic analysis of flood risk. Funnelled through an interpretative research paradigm, the chapter conceives that these limitations fall under five cardinal issues – (1) data, (2) theories and concepts, (3) existing flood risk analyses methods, (4) legislation and policy, and (5) sustainable development. It argues that the realisation of a more effective flood risk reduction for the poorer and less developed societies will depend on effective tackling of these issues which creates opportunities for flood risk analyses through simplified approaches, and use of free and open geospatial data infrastructure.

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