SEMANTIC MODELING IN RESILIENCE RESEARCH OF ENERGY AND SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

В статье рассматриваются возможности применения семантического моделирования, включающего, в частности, онтологическое и когнитивное моделирование для поддержки совместных исследований энергетических и социо-экологических систем. Работа посвящена использованию онтологического инжиниринга для структурирования знаний предметных областей и когнитивного моделирования в исследованиях влияния функционирования энергетических объектов на природную среду и человека. Онтологическое моделирование используется для выявления, описания и согласования базовых понятий предметных областей исследований и позволяет систематизировать и наглядно представить взаимосвязи между элементами природной среды, объектами энергетики и их характеристиками, факторами воздействия и методами их расчета. Когнитивное моделирование используется для выявления структуры причинно-следственных связей между факторами, влияющими на устойчивость системы. The article discusses the possibilities of applying semantic modeling, including, in particular, ontological and cognitive modeling to support joint research of energy and socio-ecological systems. The work is devoted to the use of ontological engineering for structuring knowledge of subject areas and cognitive modeling in studies of the impact of the functioning of energy facilities on the natural environment and humans. Ontological modeling is used to identify, describe and coordinate the basic concepts of subject areas of research and allows you to systematize and visualize the relationship between elements of the natural environment, energy facilities and their characteristics, impact factors and methods of their calculation. Cognitive modeling is used to identify the structure of causal relationships between factors affecting the stability of the system.

The Primary Immunodeficiency Database in Japan

The Primary Immunodeficiency Database in Japan (PIDJ) is a registry of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) that was established in 2007. The database is a joint research project with research groups associated with the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare; the RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology (RCAI); and the Kazusa DNA Research Institute (KDRI). The PIDJ contains patient details, including the age, sex, clinical and laboratory findings, types of infections, genetic analysis results, and treatments administered. In addition, web-based case consultation is also provided. The PIDJ serves as a database for patients with PIDs and as a patient consultation service connecting general physicians with PID specialists and specialized hospitals. Thus, the database contributes to investigations related to disease pathogenesis and the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with PIDs. In the 9 years since the launch of PIDJ, 4,481 patients have been enrolled, of whom 64% have been subjected to genetic analysis. In 2017, the Japanese Society for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammatory Diseases (JSIAD) was established to advance the diagnosis, treatment, and research in the field of PIDs and autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). JSIAD promotes the analysis of the pathogenesis of PIDs and AIDs, enabling improved patient care and networking via the expansion of the database and construction of a biobank obtained from the PIDJ. The PIDJ was upgraded to “PIDJ ver.2” in 2019 by JSIAD. Currently, PIDJ ver.2 is used as a platform for epidemiological studies, genetic analysis, and pathogenesis evaluation for PIDs and AIDs.

Joint Research on Aerodynamic Characteristics and Handling Stability of Racing Car under Different Body Attitudes

With the rapid development of FSAE, the speed of racing cars has increased year by year. As the main research content of racing cars, aerodynamics has received extensive attention from foreign teams. For racing cars, the aerodynamic force on the aerodynamic device ultimately acts on the tires through the transmission of the body and the suspension. When the wheel is subjected to the vertical load generated by the aerodynamic device, the ultimate adhesion capacity of the wheel is improved. Under changing conditions, racing wheels can withstand greater lateral and tangential forces. Therefore, the effects of aerodynamics have a more significant impact on handling stability. The FSAE racing car of Jilin University was taken as the research object, and this paper combines the wind tunnel test, the numerical simulation and the dynamics simulation of the racing system. The closed-loop design process of the aerodynamics of the FSAE racing car was established, and the joint study of aerodynamic characteristics and handling stability of racing car under different body attitudes was realized. Meanwhile, the FSAE car was made the modification of aerodynamic parameter on the basis of handling stability. The results show that, after the modification of the aerodynamic parameters, the critical speed of the car when cornering is increased, the maneuverability of the car is improved, the horoscope test time is reduced by 0.525 s, the downforce of the car is increased by 11.39%, the drag is reduced by 2.85% and the lift-to-drag ratio is increased by 14.70%. Moreover, the pitching moment is reduced by 82.34%, and the aerodynamic characteristics and aerodynamic efficiency of the racing car are obviously improved. On the basis of not changing the shape of the body and the aerodynamic kit, the car is put forward to shorten the running time of the car and improve the comprehensive performance of the car, so as to improve the performance of the car in the race.

Achievements of Actively Controlled Divertor Detachment Compatible with Sustained High Confinement Core in DIII-D and EAST

The compatibility of efficient divertor detachment with high-performance core plasma is vital to the development of magnetically controlled fusion energy. The joint research on the EAST and DIII-D tokamaks demonstrates successful integration of divertor detachment with excellent core plasma confinement quality, a milestone towards solving the critical Plasma-wall-interaction (PWI) issue and core-edge integration for ITER and future reactors. In EAST, actively controlled partial detachment with Tet,div ~ 5 eV around the strike point and H98 > 1 in different H-mode scenarios including the high βP H-mode scenario have been achieved with ITER-like tungsten divertor, by optimizing the detachment access condition and performing detailed experiments for core-edge integration. For active long pulse detachment feedback control, a 30s H-mode operation with detachment-control duration being 25s has been successfully achieved in EAST. DIII-D has achieved actively controlled fully detached divertor with low plasma electron temperature (Tet,div ≤ 5 eV across the entire divertor target) and low particle flux (degree of detachment, DoD >3), simultaneously with very high core performance (βN ~3, βP >2 and H98~1.5) in the high βP scenario being developed for ITER and future reactors. The high-βP high confinement scenario is characterized by an internal transport barrier (ITB) at large radius and a weak edge transport barrier (ETB, or pedestal), which are synergistically self-organized. Both the high-βP scenario and impurity seeding facilitate divertor detachment. The detachment access leads to the reduction of ETB, which facilitates the development of an even stronger ITB at large radius in the high βP scenario. Thus, this strong large radius ITB enables the core confinement improvement during detachment. These significant joint DIII-D and EAST advances on the compatibility of high confinement core and detached divertor show a great potential for achieving a high-performance core plasma suitable for long pulse operation of fusion reactors with controllable steady-state PWIs.

Identification of Rainfall and Inundation pattern using remotely sensed data in Lake Sentarum Floodplain Area

Wetlands are vulnerable natural habitats that should be preserved to protect habitat for fish and wildlife, flood mitigation, improve water quality, recharge area, and maintain surface water flow during dry periods. Water bodies and swamp areas are two primary components of the wetland. Considering its essential roles for the ecosystem, Lake Sentarum was set as a national park area (Lake Sentarum National Park – TNDS), Indonesia's 15 national priority lakes, and; designated as a Ramsar site (The Convention on Wetlands) in Indonesia. Despite the significant roles for the ecosystem, providing the limnological characteristic of Lake Sentarum remains a challenge due to its remote location. This study aims to identify the rainfall and inundation characteristics in the Lake Sentarum area and develop the rainfall-inundation relationship in the TNDS area. First, we carried out rainfall analysis using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data. Second, we utilized a remote-sensing-based global surface water map from the Joint Research Centre (JRC) to describe the historical inundation pattern. Third, we applied the Normalized Different Water Index (NDWI) combined with Modification Normalized Different Water Index (MNDWI) to the selected Landsat dataset to extract the inundation area. Finally, we developed a rainfall-inundation relationship in the TNDS area. The result indicated that the yearly rainfall in the TNDS area has an increasing trend, with the highest peak in December and the second peak in April. Historical Landsat data shows that the TNDS has a complex pattern of inundation. The maximum water extent was 649 km2, with a 95 km2 as permanent (90>- 100 % water occurrence). These areas were constantly flooded, even in the dry season. The most significant non-permanent water was 161 km2 (80>- 90 % water occurrence). This permanent and larger temporary water area provides fish and other aquatic biotas habitats. It temporarily stores the water flowing slowly into the River Kapuas through the Tawang River. We captured the spatial inundation pattern and its relationship with the temporal regional rainfall. The developed relationship showed a lag of -60 days of accumulated rainfall correlated with the inundation area (R2 of 0.48, n=11). These findings will thus provide valuable data for lake managers and policy-makers to protect the biota and habitat in Lake Sentarum National Park area.

A Modern Domestic View of the “Black Death” and Major Epidemic Outbreaks of the Plague in the Historical Past

Research objectives: To analyze the main research trends of the last thirty years in the national historiography on the topic of the Black Death and major epidemic outbreaks of plague in the historical past. Research materials: The historiographic analysis was conducted based on both original domestic studies of the topic and those written in co-authorship with Western colleagues. To outline the main theoretical base of the topic, the author used major works on the historical theory, demography, climatology, paleogenetics, and phylogenetics of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis. Results and novelty of the research: The analysis showed that until the 1980s, the views of Russian historians on the epidemics of the historical past were based on the study of a major German epidemiologist in the second half of nineteenth century, H. Häser. At the same time, the main directions in the research of domestic historians on the topic were developed within the framework of an order from domestic biologists and epidemiologists. This situation began to change when, in the 1980s, Russian historical research took a course towards geographical determinism. From the second half of the 1990s to the 2000s, in connection with the publications of the American Turkologist U. Schamiloglu and French historians, new topics in the field of anthropology, cultural studies, and historical demography began to be addressed in the research of domestic authors. At the same time, all theoretical considerations continued to be formed within the framework of the Marxist theory of the “crisis of the Middle Ages”. Therefore, the “Black Death” was considered exclusively as a concomitant theme attached to the main events. Only in the 2010s, in the light of the growth of joint research with Western specialists in the field of archaeology, paleogenetics, and climatology was it possible to start moving towards the development of a new theoretical and methodological basis for research on the topic in Russian historiography. The result of this process was the publication of new studies which are likely to determine the predominant course of scientific research in the field of historical epidemiology in Russia in the coming years.

Exploratory Study on Modelling Agricultural Carbon Emissions in Ireland

In 2020 Ireland missed its EU climate emissions target and without additional measures will not be on the right trajectory towards decarbonisation in the longer 2030 and 2050 challenges. Agriculture remains the single most significant contributor to overall emissions in Ireland. In the absence of effective mitigating strategies, agricultural emissions have continued to rise. The purpose of the review is to explore current research conducted in Ireland regarding environmental modelling within agriculture to identify research gap areas for further research. 10 models were selected and reviewed regarding modelling carbon emissions from agriculture in Ireland, the GAINS (Air pollution Interactions and Synergies) model used for air pollutants, the JRC-EU-TIMES, (Joint Research Council-European Union-The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System) and the Irish TIMES model used for energy, the integrated modelling project Ireland (GAINS & TIMES), the environmental, economic model ENV-Linkages and ENV-Growth along with the IE3 and AGRI-I models. The review found that data on greenhouse gas emissions for 2019 reveals that emissions can be efficiently lowered if the right initiatives are taken. More precise emission factors and adaptable inventories are urgently needed to improve national CO2 reporting and minimise the agricultural sector’s emissions profile in Ireland. The Climate Action Delivery Act is a centrally driven monitoring and reporting system for climate action delivery that will help in determining optimal decarbonisation from agriculture in Ireland. Multi-modelling approaches will give a better understanding of the technology pathways that will be required to meet decarbonisation ambitions.

International network AgroBioNet in the implementation of the scientific program «Agrobiodiversity to Improve Nutrition, Health and Quality of Life»

Within the framework of the Convention on the Conservation of Biodiversity and the implementation of the program “Agrobiodiversity for the improvement of nutrition, health and quality of life” by joint research of the Department of Acclimatization of Fruit Plants of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Institute for Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra created the International Network AgroBioNet. The scientific and organizational activities of the network are focused on the development of international cooperation in the field of non-traditional, neglected, and underutilized plant species that contribute to food security. AgroBioNet has more than 50 registered researchers and 250 experts, and unites research institutions, educational institutions, research stations, and farms from 21 countries. Five scientific conferences and 435 published articles for the period 2005–2020 (20 to 50 publications per year) on agrobiodiversity conservation, information on new, non-traditional, neglected, and underutilized plant species have contributed to the expansion of research on their bioecological, biochemical and medicinal properties (including antioxidants) properties, technologies of cultivation and reproduction, practical use and introduction in farms and private gardens.

Storm after the calm!

To work with or to research on subjects related to Homeopathy and High Dilutions was never a monotonous activity! At all moment skeptics and believers are discussing about clinical and experimental proofs to validate the phenomenon behind the high dilutions. Independently how structured are their reasoning, and which part is attacking, the counterpart can always neutralize the discussion using the same antidote: the intrinsic uncertain provided by statistical methods, converging to an endless technical tie. For recent examples, we can cite the UK Parliament discussion, the attempt of collective suicide by skeptics and the Belgium KCE report. I agree they had consequences, but not enough to stop the polemics or this scenario. Behind and beyond all these discussion there is an important consensus: no one knows how a HD acts or even whether it really works or whether we are dealing with experimental artifacts! Each side has its beliefs and answers. However, we can extract an ironical consequence from that: the fight between the practitioners and politicians, believers and skeptics, is the motivation and the fuel for the researchers!! What a beautiful opportunity to challenge with a potentially new phenomenon! The mind storming we are submitted should be taken as the basal state, a cyclical behavior own of this field. Cycles will repeat no matter the Science might be able to bring new theories, models, experiments, concepts, etc, about HD, to explain it or to refuse such hypothetical phenomenon! Storms are cyclical and the winds can take us to new possibilities! And the calm period is very useful to repair or even redesign our structures and skills, preparing us to the next storm! But not to eliminate them! I consider we are living a calm period, on which we should take a deep breath and relax to observe where the winds have brought us, what new possibilities we have, what challenges we must deal with! This current IJHDR’s issue and the next one will be an invitation to a break to meditation. IJHDR will publish the scientific contributions submitted to the GIRI (Groupe International de Recherche sur l’Infinitesimal) Symposia. The GIRI was created in 1986 aiming to bring together pharmacologists, biologists, physicians, chemists, physicists and other professionals to keep in touch, to exchange experiences and develop joint research projects about the biological effects of high dilutions, Homeopathy included. In the current issue, IJHDR will publish 17 contributions presented on 2010 (Monaco) and in the next issues, more than 50 contributions submitted to the XXV GIRI Symposium (September 2011, Brazil). This way, IJHDR exerts its mission as a vehicle to share open access high quality information about research in HD. Enjoy the calm, because new storms are coming!