scholarly journals Consistency of cruise data of the CARINA database in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hoppema ◽  
A. Velo ◽  
S. van Heuven ◽  
T. Tanhu ◽  
R. M. Key ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Inversion Analysis

Abstract. Initially a North Atlantic project, the CARINA carbon synthesis was extended to include the Southern Ocean. Carbon and relevant hydrographic and geochemical ancillary data from cruises all across the Arctic Mediterranean Seas, Atlantic and Southern Ocean were released to the public and merged into a new database as part of the CARINA synthesis effort. Of a total of 188 cruises, 37 cruises are part of the Southern Ocean, including 11 from the Atlantic sector. The variables from the Atlantic sector cruises, including dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2), total alkalinity, oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate, were examined for cruise-to-cruise consistency. Seawater pH and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are also part of the database, but the pH quality control (QC) is described in another Earth System Science Data publication, while the complexity of the Southern Ocean physics and biogeochemistry prevented a proper QC analysis of the CFCs. The area-specific procedures of quality control, including crossover analysis between stations and inversion analysis of all crossover data (i.e. secondary QC), are briefly described for the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Data from an existing, quality controlled database (GLODAP) were used as a reference for our computations – however, the reference data were included into the analysis without applying the recommended GLODAP adjustments so the corrections could be independently verified. The outcome of this effort is an internally consistent, high-quality carbon data set for all cruises, including the reference cruises. The suggested corrections by the inversion analysis were allowed to vary within a fixed envelope, thus accounting for natural variability. The percentage of cruises adjusted ranged from 31% (for nitrate) to 54% (for phosphate) depending on the variable.

scholarly journals Consistency of cruise data of the CARINA database in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hoppema ◽  
A. Velo ◽  
S. van Heuven ◽  
T. Tanhua ◽  
R. M. Key ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Inversion Analysis

Abstract. Initially a North Atlantic project, the CARINA carbon synthesis was extended to include the Southern Ocean. Carbon and relevant hydrographic and geochemical ancillary data from cruises all across the Arctic Mediterranean Seas, Atlantic and Southern Ocean were released to the public and merged into a new database as part of the CARINA synthesis effort. Of a total of 188 cruises, 37 cruises are part of the Southern Ocean, including 11 from the Atlantic sector. The variables from all Southern Ocean cruises, including dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2), total alkalinity, oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate, were examined for cruise-to-cruise consistency in one collective effort. Seawater pH and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are also part of the database, but the pH quality control (QC) is described in another Earth System Science Data publication, while the complexity of the Southern Ocean physics and biogeochemistry prevented a proper QC analysis of the CFCs. The area-specific procedures of quality control, including crossover analysis between stations and inversion analysis of all crossover data (i.e. secondary QC), are briefly described here for the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Data from an existing, quality controlled database (GLODAP) were used as a reference for our computations – however, the reference data were included into the analysis without applying the recommended GLODAP adjustments so the corrections could be independently verified. The outcome of this effort is an internally consistent, high-quality carbon data set for all cruises, including the reference cruises. The suggested corrections by the inversion analysis were allowed to vary within a fixed envelope, thus accounting for natural variability. The percentage of cruises adjusted ranged from 31% (for nitrate) to 54% (for phosphate) depending on the variable.

scholarly journals CARINA TCO<sub>2</sub> data in the Atlantic Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pierrot ◽  
P. Brown ◽  
S. Van Heuven ◽  
T. Tanhua ◽  
U. Schuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Data Files

Abstract. Water column data of carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 cruises in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas, Atlantic and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged in a new data base: the CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic) Project. These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC) procedures so as to improve the quality and consistency of the data as much as possible. Secondary quality control, which involved objective study of data in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values, was performed for the pertinent parameters in the CARINA data base. Systematic biases in the data have been tentatively corrected in the data products. The products are three merged data files with measured, adjusted and interpolated data of all cruises for each of the three CARINA regions (Arctic Mediterranean Seas, Atlantic and Southern Ocean). Ninety-eight cruises were conducted in the "Atlantic" defined as the region south of the Greenland-Iceland-Scotland Ridge and north of about 30° S. Here we report the details of the secondary QC which was done on the total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) data and the adjustments that were applied to yield the final data product in the Atlantic. Procedures of quality control – including crossover analysis between stations and inversion analysis of all crossover data – are briefly described. Adjustments were applied to TCO2 measurements for 17 of the cruises in the Atlantic Ocean region. With these adjustments, the CARINA data base is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP data, an oceanographic data set based on the WOCE Hydrographic Program in the 1990s, and is now suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, regional oceanic carbon inventories, uptake rates and model validation.

scholarly journals Measurements of total alkalinity and inorganic dissolved carbon in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent Southern Ocean between 2008 and 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 621-639
Author(s):  
U. Schuster ◽  
A. J. Watson ◽  
D. C. E. Bakker ◽  
A. M. de Boer ◽  
E. M. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Drake Passage ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Dissolved Carbon

Abstract. Water column dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity were measured during five hydrographic sections in the Atlantic Ocean and Drake Passage. The work was funded through the Strategic Funding Initiative of the UK's Oceans2025 programme, which ran from 2007 to 2012. The aims of this programme were to establish the regional budgets of natural and anthropogenic carbon in the North Atlantic, the South Atlantic, and the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, as well as the rates of change of these budgets. This paper describes the dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity data collected along east-west sections at 55–60° N (Arctic Gateway), 24.5° N, and 24° S in the Atlantic and across two Drake Passage sections. Other hydrographic and biogeochemical parameters were measured during these sections, yet are not covered in this paper. Over 95% of samples taken during the 24.5° N, 24° S, and the Drake Passage sections were analysed onboard and subjected to a 1st level quality control addressing technical and analytical issues. Samples taken during Arctic Gateway were analysed and subjected to quality control back in the laboratory. Complete post-cruise 2nd level quality control was performed using cross-over analysis with historical data in the vicinity of measurements, and data are available through the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) and are included in the Global Ocean Data Analyses Project, version 2 (GLODAP 2).

scholarly journals Assessing the internal consistency of the CARINA database in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lo Monaco ◽  
M. Álvarez ◽  
R. M. Key ◽  
X. Lin ◽  
T. Tanhua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Biogeochemical Models ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Ocean Carbon ◽  
Indian Sector

Abstract. Carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical ancillary data from previously not publicly available cruises were retrieved and recently merged to a new data base, CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). The initial North Atlantic project, an international effort for ocean carbon synthesis, was extended to include the Arctic Mediterranean Seas (Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas) and all three sectors of the Southern Ocean. Of a total of 188 cruises, 37 cruises are part of the Southern Ocean. The present work focuses on data collected in the Indian sector (20° S–70° S; 30° E–150° E). The Southern Indian Ocean dataset covers the period 1992–2004 and includes seasonal repeated observations. Parameters including salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2), total alkalinity (TA), oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate were examined for cruise-to-cruise and overall consistency. In addition, data from an existing, quality controlled data base (GLODAP) were introduced in the CARINA analysis to improve data coverage in the Southern Ocean. A global inversion was performed to synthesize the information deduced from objective comparisons of deep measurements (>1500 m) at nearby stations (generally <220 km). The corrections suggested by the inversion were allowed to vary within a fixed envelope, thus accounting for ocean interior variability. The adjustments applied to CARINA data and those recommended for GLODAP data, in order to obtain a consistent merged dataset, are presented and discussed. The final outcome of this effort is a new quality controlled data base for TCO2 and other properties of the carbon system that can now be used to investigate the natural variability or stability of ocean chemistry and the accumulation of anthropogenic carbon. This data product also offers an important new synthesis of seasonal to decadal observations to validate ocean biogeochemical models in a region where available historical data were very sparse.

scholarly journals Arctic Ocean data in CARINA

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jutterström ◽  
L. G. Anderson ◽  
N. R. Bates ◽  
R. Bellerby ◽  
T. Johannessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Secondary Quality ◽  
Multi Linear Regression ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The paper describes the steps taken for quality controlling chosen parameters within the Arctic Ocean data included in the CARINA data set and checking for offsets between the individual cruises. The evaluated parameters are the inorganic carbon parameters (total dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity and pH), oxygen and nutrients: nitrate, phosphate and silicate. More parameters can be found in the CARINA data product, but were not subject to a secondary quality control. The main method in determining offsets between cruises was regional multi-linear regression, after a first rough basin-wide deep-water estimate of each parameter. Lastly, the results of the secondary quality control are discussed as well as applied adjustments.

scholarly journals CARINA TCO<sub>2</sub> data in the Atlantic Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pierrot ◽  
P. Brown ◽  
S. Van Heuven ◽  
T. Tanhua ◽  
U. Schuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Data Files

Abstract. Water column data of carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 cruises in the Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged in a new data base: the CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic) Project. These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC) procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. Secondary quality control, which involved objective study of data in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values, was performed for the pertinent parameters in the CARINA data base. Systematic biases in the data have been corrected in the data products. The products are three merged data files with measured, adjusted and interpolated data of all cruises for each of the three CARINA regions (Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean). Ninety-eight cruises were conducted in the "Atlantic" defined as the region south of the Greenland-Iceland-Scotland Ridge and north of about 30° S. Here we report the details of the secondary QC which was done on the total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) data and the adjustments that were applied to yield the final data product in the Atlantic. Procedures of quality control – including crossover analysis between stations and inversion analysis of all crossover data – are briefly described. Adjustments were applied to TCO2 measurements for 17 of the cruises in the Atlantic Ocean region. With these adjustments, the CARINA data base is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP data, an oceanographic data set based on the WOCE Hydrographic Program in the 1990s, and is now suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, regional oceanic carbon inventories, uptake rates and model validation.

scholarly journals Arctic Ocean data in CARINA

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jutterström ◽  
L. G. Anderson ◽  
N. R. Bates ◽  
R. Bellerby ◽  
T. Johannessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Secondary Quality ◽  
Multi Linear Regression ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The paper describes the steps taken for quality controlling chosen parameters within the Arctic Ocean data included in the CARINA data set and checking for offsets between the individual cruises. The evaluated parameters are the inorganic carbon parameters (total dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity and pH), oxygen and nutrients: nitrate, phosphate and silicate. More parameters can be found in the CARINA data product, but were not subject to a secondary quality control. The main method in determining offsets between cruises was regional multi-linear regression, after a first rough basin-wide deep-water estimate of each parameter. Lastly, the results of the secondary quality control are discussed as well as suggested adjustments.

scholarly journals Assessing the internal consistency of the CARINA database in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lo Monaco ◽  
M. Álvarez ◽  
R. M. Key ◽  
X. Lin ◽  
T. Tanhua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Biogeochemical Models ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Ocean Carbon ◽  
Indian Sector

Abstract. Carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical ancillary data from previously not publicly available cruises were retrieved and recently merged to a new data base, CARINA. The initial North Atlantic project, an international effort for ocean carbon synthesis, was extended to include the Arctic Mediterranean Seas (Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas) and all three sectors of the Southern Ocean. From a total of 188 cruises, 37 cruises are part of the Southern Ocean. The present work focuses on data collected in the Indian sector (20° S–70° S; 30° E–150° E). The Southern Indian Ocean dataset covers the period 1992–2004 and includes seasonal repeated observations. Parameters including dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2), total alkalinity (TA), oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate were examined for cruise-to-cruise and overall consistency. In addition, data from an existing, quality controlled data base (GLODAP) were introduced in the CARINA analysis to improve data coverage in the Southern Ocean. A global inversion was performed to synthesize the information deduced from objective comparisons of deep measurements (>1500 m) at nearby stations (generally <220 m). The corrections suggested by the inversion were allowed to vary within a fixed envelope, thus accounting for ocean interior variability. The adjustments applied to CARINA data and those recommended for GLODAP data, in order to obtain a consistent merged dataset, are presented and discussed. The final outcome of this effort is a new quality controlled data base for TCO2 and other properties of the carbon system that can now be used to investigate the natural variability or stability of ocean chemistry and the accumulation of anthropogenic carbon. This data product also offers an important new synthesis of seasonal to decadal observations to validate ocean biogeochemical models in a region where historical data were very sparse.

scholarly journals Measurements of total alkalinity and inorganic dissolved carbon in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent Southern Ocean between 2008 and 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Schuster ◽  
A. J. Watson ◽  
D. C. E. Bakker ◽  
A. M. de Boer ◽  
E. M. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Drake Passage ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Dissolved Carbon

Abstract. Water column dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity were measured during five hydrographic sections in the Atlantic Ocean and Drake Passage. The work was funded through the Strategic Funding Initiative of the UK's Oceans2025 programme, which ran from 2007 to 2012. The aims of this programme were to establish the regional budgets of natural and anthropogenic carbon in the North Atlantic, the South Atlantic, and the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, as well as the rates of change of these budgets. This paper describes in detail the dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity data collected along east–west sections at 47° N to 60° N, 24.5° N, and 24° S in the Atlantic and across two Drake Passage sections. Other hydrographic and biogeochemical parameters were measured during these sections, and relevant standard operating procedures are mentioned here. Over 95% of dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity samples taken during the 24.5° N, 24° S, and the Drake Passage sections were analysed onboard and subjected to a first-level quality control addressing technical and analytical issues. Samples taken along 47° N to 60° N were analysed and subjected to quality control back in the laboratory. Complete post-cruise second-level quality control was performed using cross-over analysis with historical data in the vicinity of measurements, and data were submitted to the CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office (CCHDO), the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) and and will be included in the Global Ocean Data Analyses Project, version 2 (GLODAP 2), the upcoming update of Key et al. (2004).

scholarly journals CARINA data synthesis project: pH data scale unification and cruise adjustments

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Velo ◽  
F. F. Pérez ◽  
X. Lin ◽  
R. M. Key ◽  
T. Tanhua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Abstract Data ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Systematic Biases ◽  
Oceanic Carbon ◽  
Inversion Analysis

Abstract. Data on carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from previously non-publicly available cruise data sets in the Artic Mediterranean Seas (AMS), Atlantic and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged to a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC) procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the measured parameters in the CARINA database were objectively examined in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Systematic biases found in the data have been corrected in the data products, i.e. three merged data files with measured, calculated and interpolated data for each of the three CARINA regions; AMS, Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Out of a total of 188 cruise entries in the CARINA database, 59 reported pH measured values. Here we present details of the secondary QC on pH for the CARINA database. Procedures of quality control, including crossover analysis between cruises and inversion analysis of all crossover data are briefly described. Adjustments were applied to the pH values for 21 of the cruises in the CARINA dataset. With these adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP data, an oceanographic data set based on the World Hydrographic Program in the 1990s. Based on our analysis we estimate the internal accuracy of the CARINA pH data to be 0.005 pH units. The CARINA data are now suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates and for model validation.

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