Seismogenic Anomalies in Atmospheric Gravity Waves as Observed from SABER/TIMED Satellite during Large Earthquakes

Atmospheric disturbances caused by seismic activity are a complex phenomenon. The Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) (LAIC) mechanism gives a detailed idea to understand these processes to study the possible impacts of a forthcoming earthquake. The atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) is one of the most accurate parameters for explaining such LAIC process, where seismogenic disturbances can be explained in terms of atmospheric waves caused by temperature changes. The key goal of this work is to study the perturbation in the potential energy associated with stratospheric AGW prior to many large earthquakes. We select seven large earthquakes having Richter scale magnitudes greater than seven ( M > 7.0 ) in Japan (Tohoku and Kumamoto), Mexico (Chiapas), Nepal, and the Indian Ocean region, to study the intensification of AGW using the atmospheric temperature profile as recorded from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) satellite. We observe a significant enhancement in the potential energy of the AGW ranging from 2 to 22 days prior to different earthquakes. We examine the conditions of geomagnetic disturbances, typhoons, and thunderstorms during our study and eliminate the possible contamination due to these events.

Review of Tsunami early warning system and coastal resilience with a focus on Indian Ocean

Purpose This paper aims to provide a general overview of the international Tsunami warning system mandated by the United Nations, particularly on cataloging past studies and a strategic focus in the Indian Ocean, particularly on the Bay of Bengal region. Design/methodology/approach Present research assimilates the secondary non-classified data on the Tsunami warning system installed in the Indian Ocean. Qualitative review and exploratory research methodology have been followed to provide a holistic profile of the Tsunami rarly warning system (TEWS) and its role in coastal resilience. Findings The study finds the need for strategic focus to expand and interlink regional early warning cooperation mechanisms and partnerships to enhance capacities through cooperation and international assistance and mobilize resources necessary to maintain the TEWS in the Indian Ocean region. The enhanced capacity of the TEWS certainly improves the resilience of Indian Ocean coastal communities and infrastructures. Originality/value The study is original research and useful for policy planning and regional cooperation on data interlinkages for effective TEWS in the Indian Ocean region.

Diurnal variation of outgoing longwave radiation derived from I NSA T-I B data

In this paper, 3-hourly values of Outgoing Long wave Radiation (OLR) for the years 1987 .to 1990 over the Indian Ocean region, derived from'1NSAT-IB VHRR observations, have been used to study the patterns of diurnal variation of OLR. The nature of the diurnal variations over different regions such as desert, ocean, monsoon area and equatorial trough in four representative months of the year is discussed. The variations in the diurnal range of OLR and the hours of occurrence of OLR minimum and maximum, are also presented.Daily means of TNSAT OLR using all.eight 3-hour samples and four different pairs of. 12-hour samples were computed. Results show that they are highly correlated. However, averages made with OLR values corresponding to 0230 and 1430 local time are slight underestimates compared to the 8-sample averages, whereas averages based upon 0830 and 2030 local time are slight overestimates.

Report of Epibiont Diatom P. pacificum on the Cyclopoid Copepod D. affinis from the Southwestern Shelf Waters of India (Eastern Arabian Sea)

Pseudohimantidium pacificum, an epizoic diatom has been reported from different parts of the global oceans, however, has not been reported from the shelf waters of India. This symbiotic association of P. pacificum with a specific copepod species (Ditrichocorycaeus affinis) was repeatedly noticed from the shelf waters of the Arabian Sea during the winter monsoon from three locations in the South East Arabian Sea. Our study suggests towards host specificity of P. pacificum and additionally reveals their preference towards male hosts which is consistent with the earlier reports from other regions. Most importantly, this report extends the range of geographic distribution of the epibiont and this is the third report on this epibiont from the Indian Ocean region. It also suggests that epibiosis in marine zooplankton is much frequent phenomenon that has the potential to play an important role in the marine zooplankton population dynamics.

The effect of tidal force and topography on horizontal convection

We present a numerical study on how tidal force and topography influence flow dynamics, transport and mixing in horizontal convection. Our results show that local energy dissipation near topography will be enhanced when the tide is sufficiently strong. Such enhancement is related to the height of the topography and increases as the tidal frequency $\omega$ decreases. The global dissipation is found to be less sensitive to the changes in $\omega$ when the latter becomes small and asymptotically approaches a constant value. We interpret the behaviour of the dissipation as a result of the competition among the dominant forces in the system. According to which mechanism prevails, the flow state of the system can be divided into three regimes, which are the buoyancy-, tide- and drag-control regimes. We show that the mixing efficiency $\eta$ for different tidal energy and topography height can be well described by a universal function $\eta \approx \eta _{HC}/(1+\mathcal {R})$ , where $\eta _{HC}$ is the mixing efficiency in the absence of tide and $\mathcal {R}$ is the ratio between tidal and available potential energy inputs. With this, one can also determine the dominant mechanism at a certain ocean region. We further derive a power law relationship connecting the mixing coefficient and the tidal Reynolds number.

THE GROWING RELATION BETWEEN CHINA AND PAKISTAN AND ITS INFLUENCE ON INDIA AND ITS CHALLENGES AHEAD

China and Pakistan diplomatic relation started from 1951 which has grown over the years. China is providing humongous weapons, aircrafts and submarines to Pakistan in spite Pakistan being in debt and now Turkey has also started to provide military weapons to Pakistan, the ultimate aim to is attack India .The string of pearls is a geopolitical strategic to surround Indian peninsular from all sides by creating naval base in its neighbor countries .The economic corridor of China and Pakistan is also a weapon to keep a check on India and amplify Pakistan influence in the Indian Ocean region by providing them powerful submarines. However due to China’s belt and road initiative project which is one of the most financial risk projects has made china lost its appetite to provide money for large infrastructure projects especially in Pakistan, the disagreement between Pakistan and China on CPEC has stopped the work ahead. China is also supporting the Maoist, North- East insurgency and terrorist groups in India by providing those arms and has also attacked India through Cyber warfare. China through the string of pears, CPEC, Belt and Road initiative is trying to encircle India. Keyword: China, Pakistan, India, CPEC, String of pears, military, diplomatic relations, Indian Peninsula, Indian Ocean

Impact of KALPANA-1 cloud motion vector in the analysis and forecast of IMD operational NWP system

lkj & 12 flrEcj 2002 ls ekSle foKku ds fy, lefiZr Hkkjr ds igys mixzg dYiuk-1 ds fØ;k’khy gksus ds lkFk gh fgan egklkxj ds vuqiyC/k vk¡dM+s okys {ks= ds mixzg ls izkIr iouksa ds vk¡dM+ksa ds {ks= foLrkj ls lq/kkj gqvk gS A bu vk¡dM+ksa ds miyC/k gks tkus ls Hkkjr ekSle foKku foHkkx ¼Hkk-ekS-fo-fo-½ dh izpkyukRed ,u- MCY;w- ih- iz.kkyh esa buds izHkko dh tk¡p djus dh ,d ubZ laHkkouk mRiUu gqbZ gS A bl ’kks/k Ik= esa o"kZ 2003 dh ekulwu o"kkZ ij fd, x, iz;ksxksa ds vk/kkj ij Hkkjr ekSle foKku foHkkx dh ,u- MCY;w- ih- iz.kkyh esa dYiyk-1 ls izkIr gq, lh- ,e- oh- vk¡dM+ksa ds izHkko ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gS A bl fun’kZ ls izkIr gq, iou ds vfrfjDr vk¡dM+ksa dk izHkko lkFkZd vkSj ykHkdkjh ik;k x;k gS A The coverage of satellite derived winds over the data gap Indian Ocean region has improved with the operation of India’s first dedicated satellite for meteorology KALPANA-1 since 12 September 2002. Availability of these data has opened up a new possibility to examine the impact of these data in the operational NWP system of India Meteorological Department (IMD). In this paper, impact of KALPANA-1 CMV data in the NWP system of IMD has been presented based on the experiments carried-out for the monsoon 2003. The impact of additional wind data in the model is found to be significant and beneficial.