scholarly journals PUPIL VISUAL TRACKING ALGORITHMS FOR AUTOMATED STATIC PERIMETRY SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIV-2/W1-2021 ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
P. N. Skonnikov ◽  
D. V. Trofimov
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Tracking ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Static Perimetry ◽  
Gaze Fixation ◽  
Tracking Algorithms ◽  
Automated Static Perimetry

Abstract. Some diseases, for instance, a glaucoma, cause visual field defects. For the timely diagnostics of such defects, various methods are used. One of the state-of-the-art diagnostic methods is automated static perimetry. The method of static perimetry consists in the light sensitivity determination in different parts of the visual field using stationary objects of variable luminosity. When scanning the visual field in this way, an important factor is the control of gaze fixation at the fixation point. The greatest accuracy in determining the gaze fixation position is achieved by the method of the pupil visual tracking using a video camera.In this paper, four groups of visual tracking algorithms are considered: segmentation-based methods, correlation methods, methods based on optical flow and on weighted average. An experimental comparison of these methods was carried out using the base of video recordings obtained in the automatic static perimetry apparatus. On these videos the ground truth tracks of pupil were marked. The comparison was conducted according to two criteria: center location error and tracking length. It is shown that only the weighted average method has an acceptable tracking length.

Pituitary metastasis in breast cancer: case report and literature review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaosong Sha ◽  
Xiejun Zhang ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Jihu Yang ◽  
Guodong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Loss Of Vision ◽  
Field Defects ◽  
Pituitary Metastasis

Abstract Background: Breast cancer commonly metastasizes to the lung, vertebrae or liver but rarely to the pituitary gland. The majority of cases have been reported during autopsy; however, with the improvements in diagnostic methods, there has been an increasing number of cases reported in the clinical setting. The main symptoms of pituitary metastasis are reported to be headache, diabetes insipidus and visual field defects, which may cause confusion regarding the clinical diagnosis.Case presentation: The present study describes a case of pituitary metastasis symptoms of diabetes insipidus and loss of vision in a patient with breast cancer. After the patient completed the evaluation, a neuroendoscopy-assisted endonasal transsphenoidal tumor resection was performed. The postoperative biopsy revealed metastatic breast cancer.Conclusions: The present study analyzed this patient and 16 other cases of pituitary metastases collected from the PubMed database. Lung cancer, breast cancer and lymphoma could metastasize to the sellar region, while certain other tumors from the liver, parotid, colon, prostate, stomach, kidney, thyroid or skin were also observed. The clinical manifestation was often dominated by pituitary dysfunction, intracranial hypertension and visual field defects. Certain patients may suffer from oculomotor nerve paralysis, electrolyte imbalance, diabetes insipidus or a loss of vision. Imaging findings revealed that sellar metastases often invaded the suprasellar region. In a few cases, the lesion enclosed intracranial vessels, and invaded the cavernous sinus or Meckel's cave. These characteristics resulted in difficulties during surgery.

Evaluating the Visual Field Effects of Blepharoptosis Using Automated Static Perimetry

Ophthalmology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale R. Meyer ◽  
Jeffrey H. Stern ◽  
Janice M. Jarvis ◽  
Lloyd L. Lininger
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Static Perimetry ◽  
Field Effects ◽  
Automated Static Perimetry

Pupillographic campimetry: an objective method to measure the visual field

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krunoslav Stingl ◽  
Tobias Peters ◽  
Torsten Strasser ◽  
Carina Kelbsch ◽  
Paul Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Static Perimetry ◽  
Visual Field Examination ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Pupil Response ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Objective Monitoring ◽  
Sensitivity Loss ◽  
Field Defects

Abstract Pupillographic campimetry allows measuring the visual field objectively by analyzing the pupil response to perimetric stimuli. One of the drawbacks of this technique, similar to static perimetry, is the need of reliable fixation of the subject. By using stimulus sizes comparable to static perimetry and applying gaze tracking, we enable a retinotopic visual field examination regardless of fixation problems and with an increased stability and improved spatial resolution. Here, we present the results of applying the method in eight normal sighted subjects as well as in three patients suffering from diseases usually diagnosed by perimetry. The results in normal sighted subjects show a reduction in the amplitude of the pupil response with increasing eccentricity as expected. We also demonstrate that gaze-controlled campimetry is able to detect organic visual field defects objectively in a patient group and classify the visual field defects without an organic background. Moreover, we show that our method is able to evaluate the visual field sensitivity loss beyond classical perimetry in patients with late-stage retinitis pigmentosa. Thus, gaze-controlled pupil campimetry can be used in addition to classical perimetry, allowing for an objective monitoring of disease progression, rendering it as a biomarker for novel treatments.

scholarly journals Periphery kinetic perimetry: clinically feasible to complement central static perimetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Ma ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
Xiaoming Chen ◽  
Liuzhi Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Automated Perimetry ◽  
Static Perimetry ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Visual Field Test ◽  
Kinetic Perimetry ◽  
Field Defects

Abstract Background Existing evidence suggests that visual field defect in eyes with glaucoma significantly varies between individuals. The following study compared the central visual field defects with the peripheral visual field defects in patients with suspect glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and investigated whether using the central visual field test alone could result in loss of clinically valuable information. Methods In this prospective observational study, 167 eyes from 89 patients with suspect glaucoma or POAG were first examined with static automated perimetry (SAP), followed by a peripheral visual field test on Octopus 900 perimeter (Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland). The peripheral visual field test was performed by “Auto Kinetic Perimetry” program, in which Goldmann III4e stimuli randomly moved along 16 vectors at a constant angular velocity of 5 deg/s. Results Glaucomatous peripheral visual field defects were seen in 18% of the eyes with a normal central visual field. In addition, 86% of glaucoma patients with moderate-to-severe central visual field defects had corresponding peripheral visual field defects in the form of localized or diffuse depression of the isopters. Furthermore, a moderate correlation was found between the central and peripheral visual fields. The median test duration was 71 s for the peripheral test and 803 s for the central test (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our study demonstrated the diversity of glaucomatous visual field defects, as well as the possibility of losing the clinically valuable information due to focusing on the central visual field test alone. The peripheral kinetic perimetry is clinically feasible to complement the central static perimetry for a comprehensive assessment of visual function in glaucoma patients.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Possibilities of Standard Automatic and FunctionSpecific Perimetry (HFA, Octopus) in the Study of the Visual Field in Patients with Compression in the Chiasm-Sellar Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-248
Author(s):  
N. A. Gavrilova ◽  
E. E. Ioyleva ◽  
N. S. Gadzhieva ◽  
O. E. Tishchenko ◽  
N. Yu. Kutrovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Frequency Doubling ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Automated Perimetry ◽  
Sellar Region ◽  
Static Perimetry ◽  
Frequency Doubling Technology ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Literature Data Analysis

The literature review presents the results of a static perimetry for the study of the visual field in patients with compression in the chiasm-sellar region on the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (HFA) and Octopus. These models of perimeters are recognized as the “gold standard” and are most widely used in the global ophthalmic practice. The analysis of research results using traditional and function-specific perimetry with selective stimulation of the magnocellular and koniocellular (frequency-doubling technology perimetry, FDT; short-wavelength automated perimetry, SWAP) visual pathways was performed. The literature data analysis allows us to conclude that the static perimetry for the study of the visual field in patients with chiasmatic compression is carried out quite widely and is informative. But despite this, there are no generally accepted recommendations on the use of certain testing strategies and programs for the diagnosis and further dynamic observation of changes in the visual field in patients with this pathology. In this regard, it is advisable to conduct further studies that will allow the formation of standard perimetric protocols for diagnosing and monitoring visual field defects in patients with compression in the chiasm-sellar region based on a comparative analysis of the diagnostic informativity of various strategies and programs.

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