Visual field changes in glaucoma patients after blepharoptosis surgery

Purpose To examine changes in parameters of the visual field test before and after blepharoptosis surgery in patients with glaucoma. Methods Twenty-three eyes of 14 glaucoma patients who underwent blepharoptosis surgery at Toyama University Hospital between July 2015 and September 2020 were included in this study. Pre- and post-operative values for the mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD) and total deviation (TD) of the upper or lower hemi-visual field in the Humphrey visual field test, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and margin reflex distance (MRD)-1 were compared. Results MRD-1 showed a significant improvement after blepharoptosis surgery (preoperative MRD-1: 1.0 ± 0.82 mm, postoperative MRD-1: 3.26 ± 0.66 mm, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in BCVA, IOP, MD and PSD values before and after surgery. On the other hand, there was a significant improvement in the superior TD (preoperative: −11.29 ± 6.57 dB, postoperative: −9.88 ± 7.31 dB, p = 0.044) although no significant difference was detected in the inferior TD postoperatively. The preoperative parameters of 2 groups (improvement and non-improvement groups of postoperative superior TD) were compared. Preoperative MD and superior TD were significantly lower in the improvement group (p = 0.03, p = 0.004, respectively), although there was no significant difference in preoperative PSD and inferior TD between the two groups. Conclusion In glaucoma patients, blepharoptosis may interfere with accurate visual field assessment, especially of superior TD.

Field Measurements for Traffic Noise Reduction in Highway Tunnels Using Closed-Cell Aluminum Foam Board

In order to explore the sound absorption and noise reduction performance of closed-cell aluminum foam in the tunnel, the field test of the sound absorption performance of aluminum foam board was carried out based on the installation of aluminum foam board in the whole line of Haoshanyu Tunnel on Qinglan Expressway. Combined with the existing loudspeaker test and typical tunnel measurements, a new field test method for the noise reduction performance of closed-cell aluminum foam board was proposed for two different working conditions including fixed-point pure tone sound source condition and mobile vehicle sound source condition. The testing results of the new methods were analyzed, and it showed that the closed-cell aluminum foam has good sound absorption property at the frequency spectra between 250 Hz and 1000 Hz, and the farther away from the sound source, the better the sound absorption effect. In the research on the noise reduction effect of actual vehicle, it was found that the insertion loss of the closed-cell foam aluminum board is about 4 dB(A), which indicated that the closed-cell aluminum foam can play a certain noise reduction effect in the tunnel.

Caveats and Recommendations to Assess the Validity and Reliability of Cycling Power Meters: A Systematic Scoping Review

A large number of power meters have become commercially available during the last decades to provide power output (PO) measurement. Some of these power meters were evaluated for validity in the literature. This study aimed to perform a review of the available literature on the validity of cycling power meters. PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar have been explored with PRISMA methodology. A total of 74 studies have been extracted for the reviewing process. Validity is a general quality of the measurement determined by the assessment of different metrological properties: Accuracy, sensitivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and robustness. Accuracy was most often studied from the metrological property (74 studies). Reproducibility was the second most studied (40 studies) property. Finally, repeatability, sensitivity, and robustness were considerably less studied with only 7, 5, and 5 studies, respectively. The SRM power meter is the most used as a gold standard in the studies. Moreover, the number of participants was very different among them, from 0 (when using a calibration rig) to 56 participants. The PO tested was up to 1700 W, whereas the pedalling cadence ranged between 40 and 180 rpm, including submaximal and maximal exercises. Other exercise conditions were tested, such as torque, position, temperature, and vibrations. This review provides some caveats and recommendations when testing the validity of a cycling power meter, including all of the metrological properties (accuracy, sensitivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and robustness) and some exercise conditions (PO range, sprint, pedalling cadence, torque, position, participant, temperature, vibration, and field test).

Optimization Design of a Pneumatic Wheat-Shooting Device Based on Numerical Simulation and Field Test in Rice–Wheat Rotation Areas

In rice–wheat rotation areas of China, traditional wheat seeders have severe blockage, low working efficiency and poor seeding quality. In this study, a pneumatic shooting technology was designed, consisting mainly of a nozzle, shell and acceleration tube. To improve the sowing depth of the pneumatic shooting device, the response-surface methodology of structure parameters and CFD simulation technology was adopted in this work. The effects of working pressure, acceleration-tube diameter and throat distance on the steady airflow length (SAL) and steady airflow velocity (SAV) were studied by airflow field analysis, and the response-surface method was introduced to obtain the optimal parameter combination of the pneumatic shooting device for wheat. The optimal parameter combination was working pressure 686 kPa, acceleration tube diameter 8 mm and throat distance 20 mm. The simulation result showed that the optimized device of pneumatic shooting performs faster and has more stable airflow field characteristics in comparison to the initial device. The field test demonstrated that the optimized device has about 68% higher seeding depth than the initial device. The average field-seeding depth of the optimized device was 19.95 mm, which is about 68% higher than the initial device. The emergence rate for the optimized device was about 88.7% without obvious reduction. CFD and response-surface methods positively affect the optimization of pneumatic wheat-shooting devices, and the significance was also confirmed.

Research on the construction of carbon emission model of power generation industry in Jilin province

Although Jilin Province has abundant forest reserves and has a relatively large carbon neutral advantage compared to other provinces, the installed capacity of thermal power is still relatively high, and the installed capacity of renewable energy such as wind power, photovoltaic and hydropower is insufficient. This paper builds a carbon emission model for the power generation industry in Jilin Province based on the characteristics of the power generation industry in Jilin Province and years of field test experience.

Laboratory And Field Tests On A Prefabricated Steel-Bar Mesh-Panel System For Continuously-Reinforced-Concrete Pavement (CRCP)

The decline in the number of persons of working age is a social problem in Japan. This is a particularly serious concern for workers in the construction field; construction systems should be considered for productivity improvements. Prefabrication systems are an effective method for shortening construction cycles and times. In fact, various precast concrete members have been employed to realize more rapid construction and improvements in quality. Using precast concrete members is difficult because jointless roads are preferable for highway pavement. Continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP), which has the advantages of concrete jointless construction and high ductility, is a suitable method for highway road construction. Typical Japanese highways built with CRCP reduce the amount of horizontal cracking by arranging transverse rebars at an angle of 60° to the main rebars. Note that rebar placement and bonding in conventional CRCP are troublesome and labor intensive owing to the long construction time required. We have developed prefabricated steel bar meshes for CRCP and can report some benefits relating to their practical application. To examine the fundamental properties of mesh panels, we conducted a laboratory experiment and a simulated field test. The primary concern of welded rebars are failures induced by cyclic loading. A flexural fatigue loading test using CRCP models was conducted. In addition, a comparative survey on conventional and prefabrication systems was performed in the simulated field test to quantify the constructability of CRCP and to observe the extent of cracking in concrete. This paper reports on our experimental investigation.

Development of Teaching Materials for Volleyball Games through an PJOK AKTIF Approach (Fun, Character, Measurable, Innovation, and Fit)

This study aims to determine the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of teaching materials for learning PJOK ACTIVE (Fun, Character, Measurable, Innovation, and Fit) at SMP Negeri III Kamal Bangkalan. The benefits of this research are expected to increase students' understanding and students' abilities in PJOK learning practices. This research is a type of development research. There are 10 stages in the product development process starting from the preliminary study stage, planning stage, initial product design stage, field test stage, revision stage, main field test stage, product revision stage, group test stage, final product revision stage, and dissemination stage. The research was conducted at SMPN 3 Kamal Bangkalan from January to May 2021 with a total of 137 students. The data were analyzed using the percentage of the product trial results. The results of the study showed that the results of the product development of teaching materials for ACTIVE PJOK learning for students of SMPN 3 Class 1 in Kamal Bangkalan were declared feasible, very helpful, and could support the implementation of PJOK learning in schools. The results of product development that have been produced can be used as a reference in PJOK learning and besides that it can be developed according to needs.

PENGEMBANGAN E-MODULE AUDIOVISUAL OPERASI ARITMATIKA DASAR BERBASIS PEMAHAMAN KONSEP DAN NILAI-NILAI AKHLAK

This study aims to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the audiovisual e-module for basic arithmetic operations based on understanding concepts and moral values. The development model used is 4D (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). Data in the study were collected with validation sheets, practicality sheets, response questionnaires, and learning outcomes tests. After the define and design stages have been carried out, Draft I of the e-module is obtained. At the develop stage, a validity test was carried out on five validators, an empirical test was done to 1 teacher and 5 students, as well as a field test to a class 2A MI Humaira' Bengkulu City so that a valid, practical, and effective e-module was produced. This e-module has some advantages, namely providing interactive learning activities with clear and detailed pictures, videos and learning steps, motivating students to learn mathematics, explaining material according to mathematical concepts, containing moral values that can be imitated, giving project activities that can be done independently, as well as practicing students' mathematical problem solving skills.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan e-module audiovisual operasi aritmatika dasar berbasis pemahaman konsep dan nilai-nilai akhlak. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah 4D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate). Data dalam penelitian dikumpul-kan dengan lembar validasi, lembar kepraktisan, angket respon, dan tes hasil belajar. Setelah dilakukan tahap define dan design dihasilkan Draf I Produk e-module. Pada tahap develop, dilakukan uji kevalidan kepada lima validator, uji empirik (terbatas) kepada 1 guru dan 5 peserta didik, serta uji lapangan kepada satu kelas 2A MI Humaira’ Kota Bengkulu sehingga dihasilkan produk akhir e-module yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. E-module ini memiliki beberapa keunggulan yaitu menyajikan kegiatan belajar yang interaktif dengan gambar, video dan langkah-langkah pembelajaran yang jelas dan rinci, memotivasi peserta didik belajar matematika, men-jelaskan materi sesuai konsep matematika, me-ngandung nilai-nilai akhlak yang bisa diteladani, menyajikan kegiatan proyek yang bisa dilakukan secara mandiri, serta melatih kemampuan pemecah-an masalah matematika peserta didik.