scholarly journals Hydrocarbon accumulation in basins with multiple phases of extension and inversion: examples from the Western Desert (Egypt) and the Western Black Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubravko Lucic
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Hydrocarbon Accumulation ◽  
And Inversion

scholarly journals Hydrocarbon accumulation in basins with multiple phases of extension and inversion: examples from the Western Desert (Egypt) and the western Black Sea

Solid Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77
Author(s):  
William Bosworth ◽  
Gábor Tari
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Rift Basins ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Maturation ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
And Inversion

Abstract. Folds associated with inverted extensional faults are important exploration targets in many basins across our planet. A common cause for failure to trap hydrocarbons in inversion structures is crestal breaching or erosion of top seal. The likelihood of failure increases as the intensity of inversion grows. Inversion also decreases the amount of overburden, which can adversely affect maturation of source rocks within the underlying syn-extensional stratigraphic section. However, many rift basins are multi-phase in origin, and in some cases the various syn-rift and post-rift events are separated by multiple phases of shortening. When an inversion event is followed by a later phase of extension and subsidence, new top seals can be deposited and hydrocarbon maturation enhanced or reinitiated. These more complex rift histories can result in intra-basinal folds that have higher chances of success than single-phase inversion-related targets. In other basins, repeated inversion events can occur without significant intervening extension. This can also produce more complicated hydrocarbon maturation histories and trap geometries. Multiple phases of rifting and inversion affected numerous basins in North Africa and the Black Sea region and produced some structures that are now prolific hydrocarbon producing fields and others that failed. Understanding a basin's sequence of extensional and contractional events and the resulting complex interactions is essential to formulating successful exploration strategies in these settings.

scholarly journals Hydrocarbon accumulation in basins with multiple phases of extension and inversion: examples from the Western Desert (Egypt) and the Western Black Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Bosworth ◽  
Gábor Tari
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Rift Basins ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Maturation ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
And Inversion

Abstract. Folds associated with inverted extensional faults are important exploration targets in many basins across our planet. A common cause for failure to trap hydrocarbons in inversion structures is crestal breaching or erosion of top seal. The likelihood of failure increases as the intensity of inversion grows. Inversion also decreases the amount of overburden, which can adversely affect maturation of source rocks within the underlying syn-extensional stratigraphic section. However, many rift basins are multi-phase in origin, and in some cases the various syn-rift and post-rift events are separated by multiple phases of compression. When an inversion event is followed by a later phase of extension and subsidence, new top seals can be deposited and hydrocarbon maturation enhanced or reinitiated. These more complex rift histories can result in intra-basinal folds that have higher chances of success than single-phase inversion-related targets. In other basins, repeated inversion events can occur without significant intervening extension. This can also produce more complicated hydrocarbon maturation histories and trap geometries. Multiple phases of rifting and inversion affected numerous basins in North Africa and the Black Sea region and produced some structures that are now prolific hydrocarbon producing fields, and others that failed. Understanding a basin’s sequence of extensional and contractional events and the resulting complex interactions is essential to formulating successful exploration strategies in these settings.

The formation and inversion of the western Greater Caucasus Basin and the uplift of the western Greater Caucasus: Implications for the wider Black Sea region

Tectonics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2948-2962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Vincent ◽  
William Braham ◽  
Vladimir A. Lavrishchev ◽  
James R. Maynard ◽  
Melise Harland
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
And Inversion

scholarly journals PETROLEUM SYSTEM OF SHOUSHAN BASIN, WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Jong E Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Normal Fault ◽  
Petroleum System ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Rift Basins ◽  
Tethys Sea ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Quartz Arenite ◽  
And Inversion

The Western Desert is located in Egypt and it consists of a few extensional coastal rift-basins. It started as rifts and was formed during the Jurassic time in association with the opening of the Tethys Sea. There were three major tectonic events that occurred in Western Desert within Jurassic to Eocene time and resulted in NE-SW trend and NW-SE trend normal fault, and inversion of Western Desert basin due to rifting of Neo-Tethys followed by South America & Africa Atlantic rifting and Transpressional Syrian Arc event which had contributed to the formation of hydrocarbon trap. The generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon started in the Late Cretaceous (95–90 Ma) and it continues to the present time. There is proven petroleum system named as Khatatba-Khatatba petroleum system within the Western Desert. The source of hydrocarbons is the Middle Jurassic Khatatba organicz-rich shales which contains type II- III and type III kerogen source migrated into Khatatba sandstones reservoir rock. Khatatba sandstones are mostly quartz arenite, which composed mainly of more than 95 % quartz. These sandstones have high porosity and high permeability with well sorted and are mostly subangular to subrounded grains. Masajid carbonate acts as regional seal within the basin. Hence, the Western Desert of Egypt has a significant hydrocarbon potential for exploration or development targeting on inversion structure.

The Fine Structure of the Sheath of Volvox Carteri f. Weismannia

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
Regina Birchem
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Volvox Carteri ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Sheath Formation ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
Sheath Material

Spheroids of the green colonial alga Volvox consist of biflagellate Chlamydomonad-like cells embedded in a transparent sheath. The sheath, important as a substance through which metabolic materials, light, and the sexual inducer must pass to and from the cells, has been shown to have an ordered structure (1,2). It is composed of both protein and carbohydrate (3); studies of V. rousseletii indicate an outside layer of sulfated polysaccharides (4).Ultrastructural studies of the sheath material in developmental stages of V. carteri f. weismannia were undertaken employing variations in the standard fixation procedure, ruthenium red, diaminobenzidine, and high voltage electron microscopy. Sheath formation begins after the completion of cell division and inversion of the daughter spheroids. Golgi, rough ER, and plasma membrane are actively involved in phases of sheath synthesis (Fig. 1). Six layers of ultrastructurally differentiated sheath material have been identified.

Exsolution and inversion in pigeonite from the Whin Sill, Northern England

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
P.P.K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
Antiphase Boundaries ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nucleation Mechanisms ◽  
And Inversion

Grains of pigeonite, a calcium-poor silicate mineral of the pyroxene group, from the Whin Sill dolerite have been ion-thinned and examined by TEM. The pigeonite is strongly zoned chemically from the composition Wo8En64FS28 in the core to Wo13En34FS53 at the rim. Two phase transformations have occurred during the cooling of this pigeonite:- exsolution of augite, a more calcic pyroxene, and inversion of the pigeonite from the high- temperature C face-centred form to the low-temperature primitive form, with the formation of antiphase boundaries (APB's). Different sequences of these exsolution and inversion reactions, together with different nucleation mechanisms of the augite, have created three distinct microstructures depending on the position in the grain.In the core of the grains small platelets of augite about 0.02μm thick have farmed parallel to the (001) plane (Fig. 1). These are thought to have exsolved by homogeneous nucleation. Subsequently the inversion of the pigeonite has led to the creation of APB's.

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