PHOMA SPECIES ON BEET: MORE CAUSE DISEASE THAN JUST PHOMA BETAE

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda E. Hanson ◽  
Ting Mo ◽  
Tom Goodwill
Keyword(s):  
Phoma Betae

scholarly journals Postharvest jasmonic acid treatment of sugarbeet roots reduces rot due to Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium claviforme, and Phoma betae

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Klotz Fugate ◽  
Jocleita Peruzzo Ferrareze ◽  
Melvin D. Bolton ◽  
Edward L. Deckard ◽  
Larry G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Penicillium Claviforme ◽  
Phoma Betae

scholarly journals First Report of Leaf Spot and Root Rot Caused by Phoma betae on Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (Garden Beet Group) in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1515-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Garibaldi ◽  
G. Gilardi ◽  
D. Bertetti ◽  
M. L. Gullino
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Blastn Analysis ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Phoma Betae

In the winter of 2007 in Piedmont (northern Italy), symptoms of a previously unknown disease were observed on beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) (garden beet group) grown under a tunnel on several commercial farms near Cuneo. First symptoms appeared on 1-month-old plants, occurring as brown, round-to-oval spots as much as 2 cm in diameter with dark concentric rings near the perimeter. Small, dark pycnidia were present throughout the spots in concentric rings. Generally, older, lower leaves were affected more than the younger ones. Ten to fifteen percent of the plants were affected. Symptoms on the roots began near the crown as small, dark, sunken spots that became soft and water soaked. Eventually, spots on the roots turned dark brown to black and black lines separated diseased and healthy tissues. Older infected tissues were black, dry, shrunken, and spongy. Pycnidia were not observed on affected roots. From infected leaves and roots, a fungus was consistently isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 25 mg/l of streptomycin. The fungus was grown on PDA and maintained at 22°C (12 h of light, 12 h of dark). After 10 days, black pycnidia (130 to 328 [204] μm in diameter) developed, releasing abundant hyaline, elliptical, nonseptate conidia measuring 3.9 to 6.7 (5.1) × 2.4 to 5.9 (3.6) μm. On the basis of its morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as a Phoma sp. (1). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified using primers ITS4/ITS6 (2) and sequenced. BLASTn analysis of the 557 bp obtained showed an E-value of 0.0 with Phoma betae. The nucleotide sequence has been assigned GenBank Accession No. EU003450. Pathogenicity tests were performed by spraying leaves of healthy 20-day-old potted B. vulgaris plants with a spore and mycelial suspension (1 × 106 spores or mycelial fragments per ml). Noninoculated plants sprayed only with water served as controls. Fifteen plants (three per pot) were used for each treatment. Plants were covered with plastic bags for 5 days after inoculation and kept in a growth chamber at 20°C. Symptoms previously described developed on leaves of all inoculated plants 5 days after inoculation, while control plants remained healthy. Later, pycnidia and conidia, with the same dimensions and characteristics previously described, were observed on the infected leaves. The fungus was consistently reisolated from the lesions of the inoculated plants. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice. P. betae on B. vulgaris var. cycla has been reported in Canada (3) as well as in other countries. The same pathogen was reported in Italy on sugar beet (2). References: (1) G. H. Boerema and G. J. Bollen. Persoonia 8:111, 1975. (2) A. Canova. Inf. Fitopatol. 16:207, 1966. (3) D. E L. Cooke and J. M. Duncan. Mycol. Res. 101:667, 1997. (4) J. R. Howard et al. Diseases of Vegetable Crops in Canada. Canadian Phytopathological Society, 1994.

Pectolytic enzyme production by Phoma betae

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1705-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Bugbee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Cell ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cell Wall Material ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Phoma Betae

Phoma betae from decayed sugar beet storage root tissue grew most rapidly in culture at 15C but produced more polygalacturonase (PG) at 20C. When the fungus was supplied with six different nitrogen sources, it produced the most PG on (NH4)2SO4.Assays of dialyzed culture filtrates using sodium polypectate and pectin or cell wall material from storage roots as the carbon sources showed the production of exopolygalacturonase (exo-PG) and endopolygalacturonate trans-eliminase (endo-PGTE). No pectin methyl esterase was detected. Exo-PG and endo-PGTE also were present in decayed sugar beet tissue. Only endo-PGTE was detected within 3 mm of tissue surrounding the rotted area.In culture, cell wall material from the susceptible variety A58 induced more endo-PGTE formation than the resistant 2B. But 2B induced more exo-PG formation than A58. It is suggested that endo-PGTE plays a major role in cell wall degradation because pH 7.5 was optimum for tissue maceration and pH 8.5 for enzyme activity and the advancing margins of rotted tissue contained only endo-PGTE.

Germination of conidia in Phoma betae

1988 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Monte ◽  
I. Garcia-Acha
Keyword(s):  
Phoma Betae

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Identification of Biocontrol Isolates of Trichoderma spp

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1890-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Hermosa ◽  
I. Grondona ◽  
E. A. Iturriaga ◽  
J. M. Diaz-Minguez ◽  
C. Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Green Mold ◽  
Phoma Betae ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Type Strains

ABSTRACT The most common biological control agents (BCAs) of the genusTrichoderma have been reported to be strains ofTrichoderma virens, T. harzianum, and T. viride. Since Trichoderma BCAs use different mechanisms of biocontrol, it is very important to explore the synergistic effects expressed by different genotypes for their practical use in agriculture. Characterization of 16 biocontrol strains, previously identified as “Trichoderma harzianum” Rifai and one biocontrol strain recognized asT. viride, was carried out using several molecular techniques. A certain degree of polymorphism was detected in hybridizations using a probe of mitochondrial DNA. Sequencing of internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) revealed three different ITS lengths and four different sequence types. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1 sequences, including type strains of different species, clustered the 17 biocontrol strains into four groups: T. harzianum-T. inhamatum complex, T. longibrachiatum, T. asperellum, and T. atroviride-T. koningii complex. ITS2 sequences were also useful for locating the biocontrol strains inT. atroviride within the complex T. atroviride-T. koningii. None of the biocontrol strains studied corresponded to biotypes Th2 or Th4 of T. harzianum, which cause mushroom green mold. Correlation between different genotypes and potential biocontrol activity was studied under dual culturing of 17 BCAs in the presence of the phytopathogenic fungi Phoma betae,Rosellinia necatrix, Botrytis cinerea, andFusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi in three different media.

scholarly journals A phytotoxin, betaenone C, and its related metabolites of Phoma betae Fr.

1983 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2965-2967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akitami ICHIHARA ◽  
Hideaki OIKAWA ◽  
Masaaki HASHIMOTO ◽  
Sadao SAKAMURA ◽  
Tokuko HARAGUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phoma Betae

Biosynthesis of diterpenoid aphidicolin: Isolation of intermediates from P-450 inhibitor treated mycelia of Phoma betae

Tetrahedron ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (24) ◽  
pp. 7541-7554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Oikawa ◽  
Satoshi Ohashi ◽  
Akitami Ichihara ◽  
Sadao Sakamura
Keyword(s):  
Phoma Betae
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