Generation and Application of Terahertz Radiation: History and Perspective

Abstract INTRODUCTION In rare cases, sporadic meningiomas can occur as multiple tumors in the same patient without a known germline mutation. While the underlying mechanism that leads to the formation of these multiple lesions has been hypothesized to be monoclonal or independent, the genomic profiles to support these theories remain understudied. METHODS Patients with an absence of family history of meningioma and prior radiation history with multiple metachronous meningiomas were included. All tissue underwent whole exome sequencing and analysis of somatic single nucleotide variations (SNV), small insertion/deletion (INDEL) events together with copy number variations (CNV) was performed. The genomic findings were correlated with clinical data. RESULTS A cohort of 13 meningiomas and one dural specimen, from five individuals was studied. The majority (9/13 tumors) of tumors had NF2 mutation/Chr22 loss. Four out of 5 cases had a monoclonal origination, whereas one case displayed an independent clonal formation. The somatic profile of dura was unrevealing. In contrast to the current understanding, we found monoclonal formation of multiple meningiomas is not exclusive to NF2 driven cases, as non-NF2 mutated meningiomas can too display a monoclonal etiology. Moreover, multiple monoclonal-originating lesions did not always display a homogenous profile, but rather exhibited heterogeneity through branching evolution, where some lesions acquired genomic alterations associated with aggressive behavior. The histological characterization of multiple meningioma cases does not necessarily overlap with the genomic clustering. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study to use unbiased comprehensive genomic methods to reveal the heterogeneity of multiple meningioma genomic profiles. Our extensive genomic characterization of this cohort revealed that monoclonal formation can be observed both in NF2 and non-NF2 mutant meningiomas and can introduce heterogeneity. Therefore, in order to understand the full scope of each individual’s disease, detailed genomic profiling of all lesions, when possible, should be performed.

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A review of TLD's zero-count based on temperature and radiation history of them

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201715401018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 154 ◽

pp. 01018

Author(s):

Nina Tunçel ◽

İsmail Karakuş ◽

Ertuğrul Dündar ◽

Özlem Toykan Çiflikçi

Keyword(s):

Radiation History ◽

History Of

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Radiation history of Asian Asarum (sect. Heterotropa, Aristolochiaceae) resolved using a phylogenomic approach based on double-digested RAD-seq data

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/aob/mcaa072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 126 (2) ◽

pp. 245-260

Author(s):

Yudai Okuyama ◽

Nana Goto ◽

Atsushi J Nagano ◽

Masaki Yasugi ◽

Goro Kokubugata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sanger Sequencing ◽

Strong Support ◽

Phylogenomic Analysis ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Japanese Archipelago ◽

Biogeographic History ◽

Radiation History ◽

History Of ◽

The Japanese Archipelago ◽

Phylogenomic Analyses

Abstract Background and Aims The genus Asarum sect. Heterotropa (Aristolochiaceae) probably experienced rapid diversification into 62 species centred on the Japanese Archipelago and Taiwan, providing an ideal model for studying island adaptive radiation. However, resolving the phylogeny of this plant group using Sanger sequencing-based approaches has been challenging. To uncover the radiation history of Heterotropa, we employed a phylogenomic approach using double-digested RAD-seq (ddRAD-seq) to yield a sufficient number of phylogenetic signals and compared its utility with that of the Sanger sequencing-based approach. Methods We first compared the performance of phylogenetic analysis based on the plastid matK and trnL–F regions and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), and phylogenomic analysis based on ddRAD-seq using a reduced set of the plant materials (83 plant accessions consisting of 50 species, one subspecies and six varieties). We also conducted more thorough phylogenomic analyses including the reconstruction of biogeographic history using comprehensive samples of 135 plant accessions consisting of 54 species, one subspecies, nine varieties of Heterotropa and six outgroup species. Key Results Phylogenomic analyses of Heterotropa based on ddRAD-seq were superior to Sanger sequencing-based approaches and resulted in a fully resolved phylogenetic tree with strong support for 72.0–84.8 % (depending on the tree reconstruction methods) of the branches. We clarified the history of Heterotropa radiation and found that A. forbesii, the only deciduous Heterotropa species native to mainland China, is sister to the evergreen species (core Heterotropa) mostly distributed across the Japanese Archipelago and Taiwan. Conclusions The core Heterotropa group was divided into nine subclades, each of which had a narrow geographic distribution. Moreover, most estimated dispersal events (22 out of 24) were between adjacent areas, indicating that the range expansion has been geographically restricted throughout the radiation history. The findings enhance our understanding of the remarkable diversification of plant lineages in the Japanese Archipelago and Taiwan.

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Does the lunar regolith contain secrets of the Solar System? Using the Moon as a cosmic witness plate

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921309993140 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (S264) ◽

pp. 475-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David S. McKay ◽

Louise Riofrio ◽

Bonnie L. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Solar System ◽

Lunar Regolith ◽

Lunar Soil ◽

The Moon ◽

System A ◽

The Earth ◽

Radiation History ◽

History Of ◽

Time Capsule ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe lunar regolith (soil) has recorded a history of the early Moon, the Earth, and the entire solar system. A major goal of the developing lunar exploration program should be to find and play back existing fragments of that tape. By playing back the lunar tape, we can uncover a record of planetary bombardment, as well as solar and stellar variability. The Moon can tell us much about our place in the solar system and in the Universe. The lunar regolith has likely recorded the original meteoritic bombardment of Earth and Moon, a violent cataclysm that may have peaked around 4 GY, and the less intense bombardment occurring since that time. Decrease in bombardment allowed life to develop on Earth. This impact history is preserved as megaregolith layers, ejecta layers, impact melt rocks, and ancient impact breccias. The impact history for the Earth and Moon possibly had profound effects on the origin and development of life. Life may have arrived via meteorite transport from a more quiet body, such as Mars. The solar system may have experienced bursts of severe radiation from the Sun, other stars or from unknown sources. The lunar regolith has also recorded a radiation history in the form of implanted and trapped solar wind and solar flare materials and radiation damage. The Moon can be considered as a giant tape recorder containing the history of the solar system. Lunar soil generated by small impacts will be found sandwiched between layers of basalt or pyroclastic deposits. This filling constitutes a buried time capsule that is likely to contain well-preserved ancient regolith. Study of such samples will show us how the solar system has evolved and changed over time. The lunar recording can provide detailed snapshots of specific portions of solar and stellar variability.

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