As states increasingly use cyberspace to sophisticatedly influence and interfere in elections abroad, the question arises whether international human rights law (IHRL) obligations relevant to such operations—such as the rights to privacy and self-determination—apply extraterritoriality in that context, thus limiting the ability of that state to engage in such activity when it infringes on the rights of foreign individuals. Existing spatial and temporal notions of IHRL’s applicability are difficult to effectuate when transplanted to a domain that lacks physical territory, and where no single state or nonstate actor may claim to be in exclusive effective control of it. This chapter argues that the focus on territoriality may undermine the ability to respect, protect, and fulfill human rights in cyberspace. The growing involvement of states in election interference operations in cyberspace will necessarily mean that more individuals will be affected, giving rise to a concern about the efficacy of IHRL in the wake of technologies that defy territorial boundaries. To conclude, this chapter proposes an alternative method of thinking about IHRL in cyberspace, focusing on a standard of “virtual control” supported by an assessment of the adverse effects experienced by foreign individuals.