The Social Composition of Medical Students at the Erzsébet University Between 1930 and 1945

The purpose of the study. To examine the social composition of medical students of the Erzsébet University of Pécs (ETE) between 1930 and 1945 based on statistics about religion, place of birth and father/guardian occupation. To present the external processes affecting the admission of students based on the minutes of the university governing body. To present some typical individual careers of students of the examined period. Applied methods. Statistical analysis of student enrolment and diploma books. Analysis of major processes using the minutes of the medical faculty and university council meetings and literature. Presenting and categorising careers using all available archival and library data. Outcomes. Compared to the previous decade and a half, the number of medical students at ETE decreased for demographic and political reasons. The religious composition of the students changed due to measures restricting Jewish students’ university admission, and disenfranchising them. The careers examined also demonstrate how affected students tried to circumvent these measures.

Ultrasound-Guided Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer - A Tool for Quality Improvement in Brachytherapy?

Nowadays, brachytherapy is one of the major components to treat inoperable cervical cancer. Brachytherapy yields a higher dose to the target (cervix) while sparing normal tissues. Developments of brachytherapy stepped forward in the previous decade by image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) turning brachytherapy from point-based planning to volume-based planning and IGBT improves the treatment quality for cervical cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) is utilized in brachytherapy and showed promising results internationally. However, in a limited-resource area, the implementation of IGABT is difficult due to many causes (manpower, equipment, or budgets). To improve the quality in limited resources, ultrasound is introduced. The utilization of ultrasound in brachytherapy practice is to prevent uterine perforation during application. With present data, measurement by ultrasound showed the correlation to MRI measurement in uterine dimensions. With these aspects, there are many researches using ultrasound to improve the quality of treatment in brachytherapy, for example, to guide contouring on CT or to support brachytherapy planning. The use of ultrasound improves the quality of brachytherapy in comparison to conventional planning and supports the improvement in brachytherapy for cervical cancer.

STUDY ON THE ESSENTIALS PARTS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING

Over the previous decade, cooperative learning has arisen as the main new way to deal with study hall guidance. One significant justification its support is that various examination concentrates in K–12 study halls, in assorted school settings and across a wide scope of content regions, have uncovered that understudies finishing cooperative learning bunch jobs will in general have higher scholastic grades, higher selfesteem, more prominent quantities of positive social abilities, less generalizations of people of different races or ethnic gatherings, and more noteworthy cognizance of the substance and abilities they are concentrating Furthermore, the viewpoint of understudies functioning as "scholarly introverts" in homerooms is altogether different from that of understudies working cooperatively and cooperatively in and as "cooperative learning scholarly groups" Even with it's anything but, a larger part of the gathering assignments that instructors use, even educators who guarantee to utilize "cooperative learning," keep on being cooperative gathering undertakings not cooperative learning bunch errands. For example, virtually all "jigsaw" exercises are not cooperative learning jigsaw exercises. Just on the grounds that understudies work in little gatherings doesn't imply that they are collaborating to guarantee their own learning and the learning of all others in their This accentuation on scholarly learning accomplishment for every person and all individuals from the gathering is one element that isolates cooperative learning bunches from other gathering undertakings.

The Perception of Minorities toward the Turkish State: The Case of Ethno-religious Communities

The relationship between state and non-Muslim communities has been a delicate issue since the founding of the Turkish Republic despite the principle of secularism stated in its constitution. Against this background, the association of national identity with Sunni-Islam has been the main marker of inclusion/exclusion to the national identity. Especially since 2002 when the Justice and Development Party (JDP) came to power, the debates with regard to freedom of religion and the rights of religious minorities came to fore. Over the course of decades there have been numerous studies approaching the state’s perspective towards religious minorities. However, there are still scarce amount of academic studies that focuses on citizenship experiences of the members of these communities in their daily and social life practices. In this article, we first provide a historical perspective of the state towards religious minorities from the establishment of the Republic until today including the JDP period. In the second part of this study we aim to explore recasting perspectives of the non-Muslim minorities over the previous decade by taking the standpoint of the members of Greek Orthodox, Jews and Armenian communities. To this end, we conduct in-depth interviews with the members of these communities who are residing in Istanbul. Finally, new negotiation fields which have been flourishing among these communities will be addressed.

South Sudan

When South Sudan gained independence in 2011, the whole world rejoiced. The country marked 10 years of independence on July 9, 2021, but on that occasion, as was the case for the previous decade, its people had very little to celebrate. The country had been gripped by both state violence and deadly ethnic feuds. The intense rifts in ethnic relations emanating from this cycle have become a major risk factor for mass atrocities. This paper aims to chronicle the atrocity crimes that have happened in South Sudan in the past 12 years, what drives them, and how they can be mitigated or stopped. It will also suggest what the international community can do to assist the South Sudanese to find justice, accountability for atrocity crimes and above all, how to reduce or end violence. The paper is based on a review of reports by human rights agencies, the United Nations agencies operating in South Sudan, independent researchers, academics and think tanks. It is also based on the author’s first-hand knowledge of the context and on numerous interviews with South Sudanese. The goal, however, is not to ask: what lessons have been learned from the ongoing efforts in the country?

"Balloon to Platform Framing": a change of the 1880s?

Brett's Colonists' Guide and Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge: Being a Compendium of Information by Practical Colonists, edited by Thomas W. Leys, was first published in 1883. Rated, in 1993 in a National Library Exhibition, as one of the 21 "Working Titles" that had shaped New Zealand, it provided "all Information of possible use" to new arrivals. This included how to build your own cottage – providing floor plans, a material list and an estimate of labour for four cottages (increasing to five cottages complete with a set of written specifications in the 1897 edition). These designs and quantities provide a unique opportunity to explore changes in the technology of New Zealand house construction.It has been hypothesised that in the 1890s timber construction shifted from balloon to platform framing – the basic style still used for timber framed houses. The paper will report research that examined import statistics, business records and quinquennial national censuses to explore indirect measures of changes in construction technology. It is concluded that this change occurred in the previous decade, the 1880s.

Small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia: In search of the employment growth factors

During crises, discussions about the sources of employment intensify, including that of entrepreneurship. The growth of employment in the entrepreneurial sector is one of the national goals, which should be achieved up until 2030. However, the selection and verification of support measures requires the determination of the underlying growth factors. The paper proposes an econometric model, where the dependent variable is the growth of employment in the SME sector in the Russian regions over the previous decade. According to the results of the estimations, the creation of new companies is significant: one new enterprise creates on average 10 new jobs in small and medium-sized businesses, while a technological startup creates 60 new jobs next year. Employment growth in the last decade is higher in regions with growing incomes of the population, with good access to banking capital and large markets, and with low criminal risks. Increasing Internet accessibility contributes to the growth of the business sector; whereas nationalization of the economy is an obstacle. Employment is growing in SMEs in agricultural regions and decreasing in the centers of production. The efforts of the authorities should aim at lowering the barriers to market entry for the new companies, increasing access to capital, markets and the Internet, and stimulating the digitalization of the economy.

Small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia: In search of the employment growth factors

During crises, discussions about the sources of employment intensify, including that of entrepreneurship. The growth of employment in the entrepreneurial sector is one of the national goals, which should be achieved up until 2030. However, the selection and verification of support measures requires the determination of the underlying growth factors. The paper proposes an econometric model, where the dependent variable is the growth of employment in the SME sector in the Russian regions over the previous decade. According to the results of the estimations, the creation of new companies is significant: one new enterprise creates on average 10 new jobs in small and medium-sized businesses, while a technological startup creates 60 new jobs next year. Employment growth in the last decade is higher in regions with growing incomes of the population, with good access to banking capital and large markets, and with low criminal risks. Increasing Internet accessibility contributes to the growth of the business sector; whereas nationalization of the economy is an obstacle. Employment is growing in SMEs in agricultural regions and decreasing in the centers of production. The efforts of the authorities should aim at lowering the barriers to market entry for the new companies, increasing access to capital, markets and the Internet, and stimulating the digitalization of the economy.

Review in IoT for Healthcare in Our Life Engineering

Over the previous decade, significant research has been conducted in the field of healthcare services and their technological advancement. To be more precise, the Internet of Things (IoT) has demonstrated potential for connecting numerous medical devices, sensors, and healthcare professionals in order to deliver high-quality medical services in remote locations. This has resulted in an increase in patient safety, a decrease in healthcare expenses, an increase in the healthcare services’ accessibility, and an increase in the industry’s healthcare operational efficiency. This paper provides an overview of the possible healthcare uses of Internet of Things (IoT)-based technologies. The evolution of the HIoT application has been discussed in this article in terms of enabling technology, services of healthcare, and applications for resolving different healthcare challenges. Additionally, effort difficulties and drawbacks with the HIoT system are explored. In summary, this study provides a complete source of information on the many applications of HIoT together the purpose is to help future academics who are interested in working in the field and making advances gain knowledge into the issue.

India’s Olympic Encounter

Boria Majumdar’s essay steps back into colonial times through newly discovered material, and describes the making of India’s Olympic moment connecting it to nationalism and representation, that was truly political providing a sportive lens to understand the complex evolution of modern Indian society. Local benefactors encouraged sporting institutions making cricket and athletics accessible to Indians. Prior to the 1920s popularly known for India’s entry into Olympic competition through the support of philanthropists, in the previous decade there was feverish correspondence between colonial officials and the Olympic association discussing prospects of ‘Indian’ participation in the 1912 Stockholm Games.