In the Department of Forensic Medicine and Medico-Legal Toxicology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland before blood or buccal swab sampling for disputed paternity testing the parties are routinely asked whether they had bone marrow transplantation or not. The authors report the disputed paternity case in which the male defendant had hallogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In the tested trio, the child was six months old. For disputed paternity testing blood and buccal swab samples were taken from the defendant. As he had lost all his hair because of antineoplastic therapy, no hair follicles were taken. A female genetic profile (donor) was determined from the blood sample of the defendant, whereas the mixture of two profiles ( donor and recipient) in the buccal swab. A genetic profile of the male defendant was finally distinguished from the mixture. In all tested loci the child had genetic markers which appeared also in the defendant. There was no paternity exclusion in any of the tested markers. Moreover, there was full genetic agreement between profiles of the child and the defendant. The report emphasizes the importance of the detailed history taking before biological material sampling for disputed paternity testing, which can prevent forming a false opinion.
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