biological father
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2022 ◽  
pp. 287-306

This chapter draws philosophical and ethical attention to the procedures for enhancing and reshaping of the human body and mind whose aim is not to heal but to increase functions and capabilities of the healthy body and mind and establishing life on a new non-biological basis. Completely enhancing cyborgization of social relations and the entire historical reality of scientific humanism and the domination of artificial intelligence over human intelligence will not be in the function of preservation of life of man but establishing partially or completely artificial beings which will not need their biological father.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Roberta Epifanio ◽  
Roberto Giorda ◽  
Maria Carolina Merlano ◽  
Nicoletta Zanotta ◽  
Romina Romaniello ◽  
...  

Pathogenic variants of the SCN2A gene (MIM 182390) are associated with several epileptic syndromes ranging from benign familial neonatal-infantile seizures (BFNIS) to early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. The aim of this work was to describe clinical features among five patients with concomitant SCN2A gene variants and cryptogenic epileptic syndromes, thus expanding the SCN2A spectrum of phenotypic heterogeneity. De novo variants were identified in four patients, while one inherited variant was identified in a patient with an unaffected carrier biological father with somatic mosaicism. Two of five patients were diagnosed with a neonatal epileptic encephalopathy. The remaining three patients manifested a focal epileptic syndrome associated with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) or with a variable degree of intellectual disability (ID), one of them displaying a hitherto unreported atypical late onset epilepsy. Overall, the pattern of clinical manifestations among these patients suggest that any observed neurological impairment may not be directly related to the severity of the electroclinical pattern, but instead likely associated with the mutation itself. Moreover, our results highlight the importance of SCN2A mutational screening in cases of ID/ASD with or without epilepsy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-163
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Bukuru

The article considers the recent case-law of the European Court of Human Rights in cases related to the use of the achievements of biomedicine in the light of the implementation of human rights and freedoms provided for by the European Convention on Human Rights and its additional protocols. In fact, the author pays special attention to the case of Boljević v. Serbia , in which the applicant, a Serbian citizen, alleged that his right to respect for private and family life had been violated as a result of the refusal of the Serbian national courts to reopen paternity proceedings, in which the applicant intended to prove, through DNA testing, that Mr. A was his biological father. It has to be mentioned that in this case in the 1970s the Serbian national courts issued final decision according to which Mr. A was not recognized as the applicant's biological father, and the applicant indicated that at that time it was impossible to carry out DNA test and he did not know about the existence of such decision (during the proceedings, the applicant was represented by a lawyer appointed by local authorities, since he was a minor), and that now there is such a possibility. In this connection, the applicant argued that the denial to satisfy his claims on procedural basis by the domestic courts violated his right to family and private life. The ECtHR ruled that Art. 8 of the Convention has been violated. In that case, the issues of compliance with a balance of private and public interests were dealt with (the interests of the applicant to establish his biological father identity and the interests of the state in maintaining legal certainty).


2021 ◽  
pp. 456-472
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Wudarski

The statutory presumption of paternity of the mother’s husband causes many problems and – contrary to common belief – does not always protect the child’s best interest. The paper examines the impact of this legal principle on family life and considers its viability in today’s society. The research focuses on Swiss law but also makes references to German and Polish regulations. In a broader sense, the analysis is made from the perspective of the biological father, who is not the legal father. Based on a critical analysis, the new approaches of intentional parenthood, multiple parents and consensual change of paternity are discussed. Concluding that the mother’s marital status cannot determine the child’s affiliation, the author recommends a more flexible solution.


Author(s):  
Rasha Saeed Abdullah Badurais ◽  

The focus of my article is on the undecidability of Dov's/ Khaldun's identity throughout his conversations with Said X., his 'biological father', along with some significant selective semiotic referents in Ghassan Kanafani's novella Returning to Haifa. These aspects are highlighted to elicit/ trace Kanafani's implied symbolism of Palestine, the land, and the undecidability/ conflict of its belonging to critique (healthy self-criticism) the submission of the Palestinians as being guilty of ceding with their land then keep crying to restore it. The novella has been previously tackled from a variety of perspectives: parody, intertextuality, characterization, among others. However, the key parts of the novella that show the conflict between father/ son, self/other, right/loss are the conversations between Dov/Khaldun and Said X. To achieve the article's goal, Derrida's conception of undecidability is employed to indicate the inability to take a decision due to factors beyond the focal character's, Dov/Khaldun, means. This state of freeplay makes it impossible to settle to any side/identity. In Dov's/ Khaldun's case, it is the indeterminate area between the biological Palestinian identity and the acquired Jewish identity. Given that, this view of undecidability is supplemented by other related philosophical aspects such as identity of the 'I', the conception of belonging, and the symbolic reflection between the Dov/ Khaldun: the Jew/ the Palestinian: the Colonizer/ the Colonized (both Man and the land). The analyses of the novella reveal that a state of bewilderment and vortex of undecidable identity opens once Dov Iphrat Koshin, the Israeli soldier, knows he was born Khaldun Said, the Palestinian citizen. Dov's/ Khaldun's words to Said X. show a defensive attitude whereas his semiotic behavior reflects the pain of the truth, and that since that moment, he will not be able to settle; his identity is undecidable between Israel/ Palestine, Zionists/ Palestinians, Colonizer/ Colonized, Judaism/ Islam... Kanafani provides a criticism of the Self, here. As the Palestinians of 1948 escaped from their homes forsaking their land to the foreign occupation and then they (with the Arabs and Muslims) did nothing to restore it but waiting and weeping. Kanafani's self criticism is healthy as being the first step towards profoundly diagnosing the problem, the loss of Palestine, so as to find practical final solutions for the problem.


Text Matters ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
Nurten Birlik

Although Robert Zemeckis’s film Beowulf (2007) is a re-writing of the Old English epic Beowulf with a shifting of perspective, certain details in the film can only be understood by referring to the poem. That is, a better understanding of the film is tied closely to an awareness of certain narrative elements in the epic. The emphasis on Beowulf in the poem shifts to the Mother in the film. This shift obviously leads to a recontextualization of the narrative elements of the former text. In the epic, Grendel is left without a father; however, in the film, he is fathered by Hrothgar but this biological fathering does not lead to linguistic castration. In their case, things are reversed: rather than the infant being castrated by the Law/language, the biological father is led to a psychic regression due to the son. This appears to be a dramatization of the conflicts between the (m)Other and the shared Other/the representative of the paternal metaphor: that is, Hrothgar. This time, the (m)Other conquers the representative of the paternal metaphor and annuls his masculinity, which radically changes the way in which we evaluate the course of events in the film. These departures make more sense if they are analyzed against the background of Lacanian epistemology. This paper aims to explore the film’s departures from the poem by approaching it from a Lacanian perspective.


Author(s):  
Iyam Irahatmi Kaharu ◽  

This study aims to analyze whether stepchildren can inherit from their parents' marriage, as well as examine the legal consequences for stepchildren who get inheritance from their parents' marriage. The research method used is empirical juridical which is an approach model in the form of an action to see a legal reality in society which is chosen as the type of research the author uses. Factually, the implementation of positive legal provisions in legal events is also studied in this empirical legal research which aims to ensure the suitability of the results of its application with the provisions of the Act. Research result shows that stepchildren are basically children born to husband or wife from previous marriages who are legally related to a new legal marriage by their father or mother, where the husband's or wife's congenital child is a stepchild in the family or a new marriage by the father or her mother. Status as a stepchild does not eliminate the inheritance rights of a stepchild as a biological child from his biological father or mother who brings a stepchild into a new marriage, and the position of a stepchild in inheritance rights is also recognized by Islamic inheritance law as Hijab Nuqshan (Barrier which results in reduced inheritance rights). heir share). That stepchildren in Islamic inheritance law are not directly classified as heirs because there is no reason to inherit (asbabul miirats). But by using other alternatives in Islamic inheritance law, stepchildren will not lose their right to get protection from their parents, as inborn children of their biological father and mother. Where in Islamic inheritance law, stepchildren can get inheritance from the marriage of their new biological father or mother (his new family) by means of Qiyas and Wasiat obligatory by 1/3.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Maryati Maryati

Husband or wife are parents who have the same right and obligation to take care of their children, but because of a divorce, the control and management of the children cannot be done together, resulting in a dispute between the two parents. On the basis of this, the child will bear the consequences of the divorce carried out by both parents. The purposes of this study are: a) To find out and analyze what is the basis for the judge's consideration in determining child custody given to the husband as the applicant at the Jambi Religious Court and b) To find out and analyze the legal consequences of child custody given to the husband as the applicant. The research method used in this paper is an empirical juridical approach. The conclusion of this study is that in case Number 122/Pdt.G/2019/PA. The consideration of the Panel of Judges in determining the custody of a child who has not yet reached the age of 12 years to his biological father psychologically is for the sake of realizing the problems and interests of the child himself, because if the child is assigned to his biological mother, which is based on the facts at trial the biological mother does not have the skills and the ability to meet the interests of the child normally.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. e85-e85
Author(s):  
Emily Fong ◽  
Ronit Mesterman

Abstract Primary Subject area Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Background Preterm infants are at high risk of experiencing a range of impairments that may contribute to long-term challenges such as neurocognitive deficits. Physicians are often expected to give an outlook on future developmental outcomes of high-risk infants, often before sufficient time has elapsed to observe whether that particular child will demonstrate neurologic recovery from the initial injury. Clinicians often struggle with communicating this information, especially a poor prognosis, because of the worry about how these conversations affect families and their future expectations of the child. Objectives Our aim was to capture parents' retrospective perceptions of how their infant’s prognosis was communicated to them during their NICU stay. Design/Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted over the phone with parents of former preterm infants with a birthweight below 1500 grams or parents of term infants who have sustained HIE requiring cooling. Parents were invited to participate when their child was between 12-36 months old at the time of the interview, so that parents would be able to have a sense of their child’s development and possible impairments. The data was analyzed thematically, with particular focus around the discourse of communication and prognostication. Results Twenty-three interviews were conducted: 20 with the biological mother, two with both biological parents, and one with the biological father. The average length of the interviews was 30 minutes. The main themes that recurred in the interviews included parental loss of control, needing to prepare for the unexpected, the value of shared decision making between the health care practitioners and parents, recognition and conveyance of uncertainty by the physician, and the importance of celebrating the present. Above all, a recurring theme mentioned by the majority of interviewees was the power of hope. While wanting to receive transparent and honest updates, parents felt strongly that giving them realistic hope was of utmost importance. Conclusion Although clinicians often feel pressured to deliver answers, parents found it helpful when clinicians acknowledged and explained the uncertainty that surrounds prognostication. While healthcare providers may feel the need to prepare parents for the worst, the importance of balancing this information with hope and positivity is what families remember and value years after the prognosis was given.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Sri Ratmini

<p><strong><em>This study focuses on eliminating discrimination against Astra children from the perspective of child protection. There are two main issues discussed in this study, namely: (1) what are the forms of discrimination against Astra children? and (2) how to eliminate discrimination against Astra's children from the perspective of child protection.</em></strong></p><strong><em>This research is a normative juridical law research, using a statutory approach. The results of this study are: the form of discrimination against Astra children is not being able to use the clan name of their biological father to not having rights as heirs. Elimination of discrimination against Astra's children from the perspective of child protection can be carried out in three ways, namely, one by giving recognition to Astra's children from their biological fathers, two by giving rights to children as mandated by law, three by assigning Astra children as adopted children.</em></strong>


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