Repatriation and the End of Scientific Freedom

Artificial cranial deformation is a recognized attribute of many archaeologically recovered Andean skeletal collections. Ethnohistoric sources document the diversity of forms used to mark both vertical and horizontal status distinctions among Late Horizon peoples. Region-specific social groups were characterized by distinctive deformation styles, as were individuals of Inka heritage. Review of early Spanish accounts and consideration of various strategies commonly used in analyzing deformation forms suggest that investigators be sensitive to both final skull shape and the nature of deforming devices. This case study maintains that detailed descriptions of skull form will permit interpretations of technique and apparatus used, without the actual deforming artifacts. We examined archaeologically recovered skeletal remains from Huaracane-phase, Tiwanaku-related Chen Chen-phase (Tiwanaku V), and Tumilaca-phase cemetery components of the Omo site group, located near the present-day town of Moquegua in southern Peru. Our analysis demonstrates that the pattern of cranial deformation within the Omo M10 cemetery complex clearly emphasizes homogeneity within individual cemeteries and heterogeneity across cemeteries. We enlist current competing models for Tiwanaku hegemony to interpret this pattern.

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An anthropometric method for sex determination from the mandible: test on British Medieval skeletal collections

Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale ◽

10.4081/jbr.2017.6380 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Charlotte Cole ◽

Constantine Eliopoulos ◽

Eleni Zorba ◽

Matteo Borrini

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Sex Determination ◽

Discriminant Function ◽

Skeletal Remains ◽

Vital Part ◽

The Creation ◽

Accuracy Rates ◽

Skeletal Collections

Sex determination is a vital part of the analysis of skeletal remains and the creation of biological profiles that aid in identification. The pelvis and skull are the regions usually employed by anthropologists and produce very good results. However, the mandible, being a very durable bone and frequently preserved has not received the attention that other skeletal elements have. There are some morphological methods for sexing the mandible, however metrics are considered to be more objective and easier to replicate. This study uses the measurements of the bimental breadth and the corpus thickness of the mandible. Univariate and multivariate analysis was carried out to create discriminant function equations. These equations can be used to sex a mandible with overall accuracy rates as high as 77.3%. The results of the present research are similar to those of other studies and indicate that mandibular metrics can be relied upon for sex determination, especially in cases where other elements are not preserved.

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Scientific Freedom : An Anthology on Freedom of Scientific Research

10.5040/9781849669009 ◽

2012 ◽

Keyword(s):

Scientific Research ◽

Scientific Freedom

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Statistical analysis of classification

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900053420 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 188-189

Author(s):

T. J. Deeming

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Classification Scheme ◽

Analytical Procedure ◽

Narrow Band ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Maximum Amount ◽

Amount Of Information

If we make a set of measurements, such as narrow-band or multicolour photo-electric measurements, which are designed to improve a scheme of classification, and in particular if they are designed to extend the number of dimensions of classification, i.e. the number of classification parameters, then some important problems of analytical procedure arise. First, it is important not to reproduce the errors of the classification scheme which we are trying to improve. Second, when trying to extend the number of dimensions of classification we have little or nothing with which to test the validity of the new parameters.Problems similar to these have occurred in other areas of scientific research (notably psychology and education) and the branch of Statistics called Multivariate Analysis has been developed to deal with them. The techniques of this subject are largely unknown to astronomers, but, if carefully applied, they should at the very least ensure that the astronomer gets the maximum amount of information out of his data and does not waste his time looking for information which is not there. More optimistically, these techniques are potentially capable of indicating the number of classification parameters necessary and giving specific formulas for computing them, as well as pinpointing those particular measurements which are most crucial for determining the classification parameters.

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Building a Successful Career in Scientific Research

10.1017/cbo9781139165471 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Phil Dee

Keyword(s):

Scientific Research ◽

Successful Career

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Social-Scientific Research Competency

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000451 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 737-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christopher Gess ◽

Christoph Geiger ◽

Matthias Ziegler

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Test Scores ◽

Research Performance ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Research Education ◽

Crystallized Intelligence ◽

Research Competency ◽

Social Scientific Research ◽

Social Scientific ◽

Education Courses

Abstract. Although the development of research competency is an important goal of higher education in social sciences, instruments to measure this outcome often depend on the students’ self-ratings. To provide empirical evidence for the utility of a newly developed instrument for the objective measurement of social-scientific research competency, two validation studies across two independent samples were conducted. Study 1 ( n = 675) provided evidence for unidimensionality, expected differences in test scores between differently advanced groups of students as well as incremental validities over and above self-perceived research self-efficacy. In Study 2 ( n = 82) it was demonstrated that the competency measured indeed is social-scientific and relations to facets of fluid and crystallized intelligence were analyzed. Overall, the results indicate that the test scores reflected a trainable, social-scientific, knowledge-related construct relevant to research performance. These are promising results for the application of the instrument in the evaluation of research education courses in higher education.

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