Estimation for Ignition Quality of Marine Fuel Oils

An experimental investigation is presented of the influences of emulsification of marine fuel oils A and C with water on the micro-explosion phenomenon and combustion characteristics of a burning droplet. The amount of surfactant and water-to-oil ratio by volume in the emulsion are varied to observe the variations of ignition delay, flame length, time required to attain the maximum flame length, duration as well as intensity of micro-explosion, flame appearance, and overall burning time. The measurements show that the emulsification effects on the combustion of marine fuel oils A and C are different. A droplet of C-oil emulsion is shown to be influenced by the addition of water and surfactant more significantly. The micro-explosion phenomena of droplets of A-and C-oil emulsions are seen to occur after and before their ignition, respectively. In addition, separate combinations of water and surfactant content exist for these fuel oils to achieve better emulsification effects on combustion. Droplets of emulsions with W/O = 15/85, E% = 2% for fuel oil A and W/O = 25/75, E% = 1% for fuel oil C are found to have the most violent droplet-disruption phenomenon and the longest flame length.

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Investigating the Effects of C3 and C4 Alcohol Blending on Ignition Quality of Gasoline Fuels

Energy & Fuels ◽

10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00192 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 8777-8787

Author(s):

Fabiyan Angikath ◽

Nimal Naser ◽

S. Mani Sarathy

Keyword(s):

Ignition Quality

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Review and proposed extension of the APPEA Method for estimating levels of financial assurance

The APPEA Journal ◽

10.1071/aj17043 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

David Horn ◽

Kristina Downey ◽

Andrew Taylor

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Initial Period ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Marine Fuel ◽

Environment Management ◽

Fuel Oils ◽

Financial Assurance ◽

Safety And Environment ◽

Offshore Petroleum

In 2014, the Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association (APPEA) published the ‘Method to assist titleholders in estimating appropriate levels of financial assurance for pollution incidents arising from petroleum activities’, referred to as the APPEA Method. The APPEA Method provides a standard approach to quantifying the appropriate level of financial assurance required under the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 (OPGGS Act). The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environment Management Authority (NOPSEMA) endorsed the APPEA Method for an initial period of 2 years (until December 2016) with the requirement that APPEA review the method against a broader range of case studies to confirm its validity. In 2017, APPEA applied the APPEA Method to 18 case studies, comparing independently calculated cost estimates with the APPEA Method cost band for each case study. For 17 of the 18 case studies, the independent cost estimate was less than the APPEA Method cost band, confirming the validity of the APPEA Method for those case studies. For one of the case studies involving marine fuel oil, the APPEA Method cost band potentially underestimated the response and clean-up costs. The robustness of the APPEA Method can be improved by amending the hydrocarbon type impact score for fuel oils. Based on the review, NOPSEMA has since endorsed the APPEA Method until September 2018. The APPEA Method is currently endorsed for incidents in which the total volume of hydrocarbon released is <1 000 000 m3 and the total volume of oil ashore is <25 000 m3. Based on an assessment of the response and clean-up costs from three additional case studies that exceeded these limits, amendments to the APPEA Method are proposed that would extend the range of incidents to which it could be applied.

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