scholarly journals A Review on Emotion-Enhanced Recognition Memory: Response Bias and Context Caused by Emotional Stimuli

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Memory Response ◽  
Emotion Memory

The current study aims to present the main lines of the topic by compiling the literature on the effect of emotion on recognition memory and address some considerations for future studies by highlighting the attention-grabbing points related to emotion-memory interaction. A growing body of literature has demonstrated that emotional stimuli are better remembered than their neutral equivalents. Based on these common findings, research in the relevant literature is reviewed in detail regarding various approaches that define and explain emotion; and the effect of emotional dimensions, which are defined within the framework of different approaches, on recognition memory is mentioned. Empirical studies are also reviewed by including the findings on the response biases that emotion might cause. On the other hand, the factor affecting memory performance is not solely due to emotional stimuli' dimensions. Instead, memory performance might be positively affected by the context of emotional stimuli. Additionally, how emotional memory is studied in a controlled laboratory setting is discussed. Within this context, emotional databases developed to investigate emotion-memory interaction and databases designed for research to be carried out in Turkey are discussed. To sum up, within the scope of the current review, it is concluded that future studies on emotion and recognition memory interaction should take response bias caused by emotion, emotional context, and type of emotional stimuli into account to reach more consistent results. Keywords: Emotion, recognition memory, response bias, context, databases

Metamemorial influences on recognition memory response bias

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Kantner ◽  
D. Stephen Lindsay ◽  
Priya Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Memory Response

Pharmacologically Increasing Sleep Spindles Enhances Recognition for Negative and High-arousal Memories

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1597-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Kaestner ◽  
John T. Wixted ◽  
Sara C. Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Sleep affects declarative memory for emotional stimuli differently than it affects declarative memory for nonemotional stimuli. However, the interaction between specific sleep characteristics and emotional memory is not well understood. Recent studies on how sleep affects emotional memory have focused on rapid eye movement sleep (REM) but have not addressed non-REM sleep, particularly sleep spindles. This is despite the fact that sleep spindles are implicated in declarative memory as well as neural models of memory consolidation (e.g., hippocampal neural replay). Additionally, many studies examine a limited range of emotional stimuli and fail to disentangle differences in memory performance because of variance in valence and arousal. Here, we experimentally increase non-REM sleep features, sleep spindle density, and SWS, with pharmacological interventions using zolpidem (Ambien) and sodium oxybate (Xyrem) during daytime naps. We use a full spread of emotional stimuli to test all levels of valence and arousal. We find that increasing sleep spindle density increases memory discrimination (da) for highly arousing and negative stimuli without altering measures of bias (ca). These results indicate a broader role for sleep in the processing of emotional stimuli with differing effects based on arousal and valence, and they raise the possibility that sleep spindles causally facilitate emotional memory consolidation. These findings are discussed in terms of the known use of hypnotics in individuals with emotional mood disorders.

Recognition Memory Response Bias is Conservative for Paintings

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stephen Lindsay ◽  
Justin Kantner ◽  
Kaitlin M. Fallow
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Memory Response

Usefulness of Discriminability and Response Bias Indices for the Evaluation of Recognition Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Julieta Russo ◽  
Gabriela Cohen ◽  
Jorge Campos ◽  
Maria Eugenia Martin ◽  
María Florencia Clarens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Delayed Recall

Background: Most studies examining episodic memory in Alzheimer disease (AD) have focused on patients' impaired ability to remember information. This approach provides only a partial picture of memory deficits since other factors involved are not considered. Objective: To evaluate the recognition memory performance by using a yes/no procedure to examine the effect of discriminability and response bias measures in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI), AD dementia, and normal-aging subjects. Methods: We included 43 controls and 45 a-MCI and 51 mild AD dementia patients. Based on the proportions of correct responses (hits) and false alarms from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), discriminability (d′) and response bias (C) indices from signal detection theory (SDT) were calculated. Results: Results showed significant group differences for d′ (F (2) = 83.26, p < 0.001), and C (F (2) = 6.05, p = 0.00). The best predictors of group membership were delayed recall and d′ scores. The d′ measure correctly classified subjects with 82.98% sensitivity and 91.11% specificity. Conclusions: a-MCI and AD dementia subjects exhibit less discrimination accuracy and more liberal response bias than controls. Furthermore, combined indices of delayed recall and discriminability from the RAVLT are effective in defining early AD. SDT may help enhance diagnostic specificity.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological Correlates of Emotion-Induced Recognition Bias

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Windmann ◽  
Marta Kutas
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Brain Potential ◽  
Negative Item ◽  
Emotional Events

The question of how emotions influence recognition memory is of interest not only within basic cognitive neuro-science but from clinical and forensic perspectives as well. Emotional stimuli can induce at “recognition bias” such that individuals are more likely to respond “old” to a negative item than to an emotionally neutral item, whether the item is actually old or new. We investigated this bias using event-related brain potential (ERP) measures by comparing the processing of words given “old” responses with accurate recognition of old/new differences. For correctly recognized items, the ERP difference between old items (hits) and new items (correct rejections, CR) was largely unaffected by emotional violence. That is, regardless of emotional valence, the ERP associated with hits was characterized by a widespread positivity between 300 and 700 msec relative to that for CRs. By contrast, the analysis of ERPs to old and new items that were judged “old” (hits and false alarms [FAs], respectively) revealed a differential effect of valence by 300 msec: Neutral items showed a large old/new difference over prefrontal sites, whereas negative items did not. These results are the first clear demonstration of response bias effects on ERPs linked to recognition memory. They are consistent with the idea that frontal cortex areas may be responsible for relaxing the retrieval criterion for negative stimuli so as to ensure that emotional events are not as easily “missed” or forgotten as neutral events.

Cross-situational consistency in recognition memory response bias

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1272-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Kantner ◽  
D. Stephen Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Memory Response

Learning From (Test) Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan E. Mitton ◽  
Chris M. Fiacconi
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Judgments Of Learning ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Recognition Memory Performance ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Explicit Feedback

Abstract. To date there has been relatively little research within the domain of metamemory that examines how individuals monitor their performance during memory tests, and whether the outcome of such monitoring informs subsequent memory predictions for novel items. In the current study, we sought to determine whether spontaneous monitoring of test performance can in fact help individuals better appreciate their memory abilities, and in turn shape future judgments of learning (JOLs). Specifically, in two experiments we examined recognition memory for visual images across three study-test cycles, each of which contained novel images. We found that across cycles, participants’ JOLs did in fact increase, reflecting metacognitive sensitivity to near-perfect levels of recognition memory performance. This finding suggests that individuals can and do monitor their test performance in the absence of explicit feedback, and further underscores the important role that test experience can play in shaping metacognitive evaluations of learning and remembering.

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