Review of the Kriging Technique Applications to Groundwater Quality

Kriging, a geostatistical technique, has been used for many years to evaluate groundwater quality. The best estimation data for unsampled points were determined by using this method depending on measured variables for an area. The groundwater contaminants assessment worldwide was found through many kriging methods. The present paper shows a review of the most known methods of kriging that were used in estimating and mapping the groundwater quality. Indicator kriging, simple kriging, cokriging, ordinary kriging, disjunctive kriging and lognormal kriging are the most used techniques. In addition, the concept of the disjunctive kriging method was explained in this work to be easily understood.

Distribution of the elements Cu-Pb-Zn in soils map 168 (Algeria)

The aim of this study was the spatial analysis of the elements copper, lead and cinc in soil of the plate 168 (Algeria), located in the southeastern region of Antioquia Colombia. The samples used are part of the "Survey and compilation of information-Map Regional Geochemistry-Ingeominas (Colombia)" and were facilitated by Ingeominas for the project "Geochemical Map of Antioquia". For the preparation of the corresponding baselines, were applied lognormal kriging geostatistical techniques. The assessment of pollution by heavy metals Cu-Pb-Zn in soil horizon plate 168, was developed taking into account the analysis of the background level, Environmental Accumulation and the Index enrichment. The results obtained indicate that content available for the elements Cu-Pb-Zn in these soils pose no real danger to be lower than its content phytotoxicity threshold given by some authors.