The Fiery Test of Critique

The book aims to provide a comprehensive study of the ‘Transcendental Dialectic’ of Kant’s first Critique. It argues that Kant conceives of ‘critique’ as a kind of winnowing exercise, aimed to separate the wheat of good metaphysics from the chaff of bad. However, he uses a less familiar metaphor to make this point, namely, that of ‘the fiery test of critique’. This turns out to be, not a medieval ordeal (a trial by fire), but rather a metallurgical assay: so-called ‘cupellation’—a procedure in which ore samples are tested for their precious-metal content. The upshot is that critique has a positive, investigatory side: it seeks not merely to eliminate the dross of bad ‘dogmatic’ metaphysics but also to uncover any hidden nuggets of value that might be contained in traditional speculative metaphysics. There are both gold and silver to be found. The gold is the indirect proof of Transcendental Idealism afforded by the resolution of the Antinomies, the silver Kant’s defence of theoretically grounded ‘doctrinal beliefs’ in a wise and great originator and in an afterlife. In the course of making these points, the book engages with Kant’s views on a number of central problems in philosophy and meta-philosophy, including: the explanation of the enduring human impulse towards metaphysics, correct philosophical method, the limits of self-knowledge, the possibility of human freedom, the resolution of metaphysical paradox (‘Antinomy’), the justification of faith, the nature of scepticism, and the role of ‘as if’ reasoning in natural science.

Wykluczenie dobra sakramentu, dobra wiary oraz dobra potomstwa po stronie pozwanej, a także wykluczenie dobra potomstwa po stronie powodowej (kan. 1101 § 2 KPK) w wyroku Roty Rzymskiej c. Bottone z 2 lutego 2010 roku

In the presented study the Author commented on the judgment of the Roman Rota c. Bottone of 2 February 2010. The analysis shows that the legal part of the rotal judgment was based on the general theory of a legal act. In the factual part ponens accumulated two titles exclusion of the good of the sacrament and exclusion of the good of faith. The invalidity of the marriage was proven using indirect proof. In the present case, it has been shown that what prompted the defendant to take such a step was the fact that even before the marriage she had maintained a relationship with another man. It was also proved that the plaintiff's exclusion of offspring was in close connection with the defendant's change of attitude towards him.

Poland

Reform of the Polish insolvency law completed on 1 January 2016 has substantially changed the legal scene in Poland with instruments available to debtors to complete a reorganisation of their business with success. The reform affected both substantive and procedural law and placed them among the most advanced in the European Union. A substantial increase in the number of opened restructuring proceedings combined with a decreased number of bankruptcy proceedings (on a year to year basis) are indirect proof that the reform has been a success.

INDIRECT PROOF AND INVERSIONS OF SYLLOGISMS

By considering the new notion of the inverses of syllogisms such as Barbara and Celarent, we show how the rule of Indirect Proof, in the form (no multiple or vacuous discharges) used by Aristotle, may be dispensed with, in a system comprising four basic rules of subalternation or conversion and six basic syllogisms.

‘’S heeren architect ende steenhouwer’

The early seventeenth century Breda Wall in the Philips Wing of the Rijksmuseum takes its name from the origin of the bottom part of the wall: one of the façades of the stable complex of the former Nassau Palace in Breda. In the article the wall is attributed to the architect Melchior van Herbach on stylistic grounds, with indirect proof. Van Herbach began his career in Amsterdam in Hendrick de Keyser’s sphere of influence. He worked in Alkmaar and Bruges before settling in Breda, where he became Prince Maurice’s architect and master builder.

STRATEGI PEMECAHAN MASALAH DALAM MATEMATIKA

The main purpose of studying mathematics is to find ways to solve problems or mathematics problems. What is meant by problems or mathematics problems is a thing that final result, or how to solve it is not known. In solving mathematical problems there are several strategies that can be used that are: direct proof, indirect proof, verification with contradiction, proof with examples of denying, reverse working strategy, pattern discovery, and the use of bird house principles.

On planar algebraic curves and holonomic 𝒟-modules in positive characteristic

In this paper we study a correspondence between cyclic modules over the first Weyl algebra and planar algebraic curves in positive characteristic. In particular, we show that any such curve has a preimage under a morphism of certain ind-schemes. This property might pave the way to an indirect proof of existence of a canonical isomorphism between the group of algebra automorphisms of the first Weyl algebra over the field complex numbers and the group of polynomial symplectomorphisms of [Formula: see text].