The pricing of open access journals: Diverse niches and sources of value in academic publishing

Open access (OA) publishing has created new academic and economic niches in contemporary science. OA journals offer numerous publication outlets with varying editorial philosophies and business models. This article analyzes the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) ( n = 12,127) to identify characteristics of OA academic journals related to the adoption of article processing charge (APC)-based business models, as well as the price points of journals that charge APCs. Journal impact factor (JIF), language, publisher mission, DOAJ Seal, economic and geographic regions of publishers, peer review duration, and journal discipline are all significantly related to the adoption and pricing of journal APCs. Even after accounting for other journal characteristics (prestige, discipline, publisher country), journals published by for-profit publishers charge the highest APCs. Journals with status endowments (JIF, DOAJ Seal) and articles written in English, published in wealthier regions, and in medical or science-based disciplines are also relatively costlier. The OA publishing market reveals insights into forces that create economic and academic value in contemporary science. Political and institutional inequalities manifest in the varying niches occupied by different OA journals and publishers.

THE USE OF THE BOTULINUM TOXIN A FOR THE TREATMENT OF OCULOMOTOR PATHOLOGY

The use of the botulinum toxin A can be the method of choice for the treatment of oculomotor pathology. In certain cases of strabismus, this technique provides the sole correct and justified tool for the management of this condition. There are numerous publication concerning this issue in the foreign literature, but they do not permit to develop the well defined criteria for the application of the botulinum toxin A in the ophthalmological practice Specifically, such issues as the timing and dosages of botulinum toxin A administration remain to be addressed and solved. Of special interest is the application of the botulinum toxin A for the treatment of nystagmus. The expediency of the application of the botulinum toxin A for the treatment of oculomotor pathology should be estimated on an individual basis.