What does a wounded body testify to, i.e., what is nonsuicidal self-injury and how to recognize it?

This article is a review, its aim is to present the phenomenon of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in the context of current research. The article discusses the terminological, definitional and epidemiological issues, as well as the forms, functions and determinants of NSSI, according to the analysis of Polish and foreign literature. Particularly important are the functions of NSSI, which allow you to understand why an individual hurts his own body and thus better understand such people. The article also includes an application aspect by presenting warning signals of NSSI and the methods of reacting to information about nonsuicidal self-injury committed by a person in the immediate vicinity.

CORRUPTION AS A FORM OF UNPROFESSIONALISM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SPECIALISTS (review of foreign literature)

The article presents an overview of foreign literature reflecting the problem of unprofessional behavior of civil servants manifested through corrupt actions. The essence of public administration at the ideological and institutional level is analyzed, the main causes of corruption of civil servants are determined. It is concluded that corruption not only negatively affects the image of state power, but also serves as a barrier to the implementation of the goals and objectives of public administration aimed at meeting the needs of society.

The Concept of “Judicial Doctrine” in Russian Jurisprudence (General Notes)

The paper aims to address the totality of individual terms based on the generic concept of “doctrine”: “legal doctrine”, “scientific doctrine”, “judicial doctrine” the way they are interpreted in modern Russian legal science. Substantially and conceptually, the work anticipates an approach to another subject that is an integral part of the Russian judicial doctrine and the process of its formation, namely the application of the principles and norms of international law in the administration of justice. The paper focuses on some ambiguous interpretations of the understanding of the phenomena that are combined with each other due to the interweaving of the above concepts found in modern domestic and foreign literature, sometimes mixing their external and internal sides, proposed corresponding original solutions or paradoxical qualifications. Two extremes are emphasized in the course of revealing the essence of the analyzed concepts: either an almost arbitrary — mechanical — connection of all the elements present in one case or another into a kind of artificial “complex”, or a declination in favor of only one component as a central (or supporting) component while ignoring the others. Analyzing the legal doctrine as a concept the author differentiates between a category of science and judicial doctrine, and assumes that it is worth avoiding hyperbolization of differentiation between them. On the other hand, it would be fruitless to draw direct lines of their influence on each other. At the same time, when using the term “judicial doctrine”, it is impossible to abstract from the concept of “doctrine” in the general scientific sense. Their mutual intersection with each other, “penetration” into each other are objective. Formulating the conclusions on the problems of the concepts of legal, scientific and judicial doctrine, the author advocates greater caution in making proposals and, at the same time, greater criticism in assessing the already existing conclusions of legal theorists and practitioners.

FORMATION OF LITERARY COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS IN THE «SCHOOL COURSE OF FOREIGN LITERATURE WITH THE METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING IN HIGH SCHOOL»

The relevance of the problem lies in the fact that in line with the current trends in the development of society, it is necessary to state the fact of a decrease in interest in reading poetic and prose texts, even by those who choose philological specialties for training. Therefore, the question of how to interest a modern philologist student in a work of fiction is not illogical. The main task in solving this problem is to provide an opportunity to realize oneself involved in the creation of a new artistic environment and the opportunity to connect students of educational institutions to it. In this approach, it will be relevant and necessary to identify the types of artistic communication inherent in the work under study. While studying at a higher education institution, the teacher introduces students to the features of the school course of foreign literature in high school, provides a system of knowledge, professional skills and abilities necessary for practical activities in a modern school, forms the creative foundations of the personality of a word teacher. The development of professional and subject competencies will help future teachers develop flexible skills when teaching foreign literature at school. The purpose of the article is to highlight the importance of forming the literary competence of future teachers in the «school course of foreign literature with the methodology of teaching in high school» in educational institutions. As a result of the study, we note that attention should be focused on practical improvement of the learning process for the development of personal professional competence of future teachers of educational institutions. Training that is accompanied by a motivational effect is always effective. It is in the ability to interest High School students in information and communication technologies, differentiated learning, and an individual approach to the perception of both poetic, prose, and dramatic works that young people will read. Methods of research applied: analysis of psychological and pedagogical, professional literature on the research topic; empirical: generalization of pedagogical experience; observation and analysis of lessons taking into account the problem under study. In educational institutions, you can also use the cross-section method or the mass simultaneous survey method; the method of purposeful observation contributes to a detailed study of the course of the pedagogical process, in accordance with the problem and hypothesis set by researchers, the method of natural experiment (close to the method of observations); laboratory experiment, training program.

On the question of carcinogenesis in superinvasive opisthorchiasis

Retrospective analysis of foreign literature present in PubMed was carried out with the purpose to define possible influence of superinvasive opisthorchiasis on possible development of cholangiocellular carcinoma. After the research we conclude that O. Felineus doesn’t have an entry point during the initiation stage of carcinogenesis but rather acts as a promotor of cholangiocarcinoma (СС), and therefore cannot be considered a primary cause of the disease without additional influence of another carcinogens and specific factors that increase the probability of cholangiocarcinoma development (chronic inflammation, free radicals). Keywords: superinvasive opisthorchiasis, parasitism, immune system, carcinogenesis.

Approaches to the surgical treatment of cardiovascular diseases and complications in the background COVID-19

This article provides an overview of domestic and foreign literature on the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19. Various approaches to the management and treatment of this group of patients are considered, such as: postponement of surgical treatment, immediate results of endovascular and cardiac surgery in patients with active COVID-19.

THE ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT “RESEARCH COMPETENCE” IN NATIONAL AND FOREIGN LITERATURE

The article deals with the results of research on the essence of the interpretation of the concept “research competence” in national and foreign literature. The analysis allows to state that national researchers define research competence as an integral personal quality that combines knowledge, skills, abilities and experience of the researcher; it is characterized by motivation and values of research activities. National educators distinguish cognitive, praxeological, axiological and socio-behavioural components; they consider the formation of this competence in the implementation and organization of research activities, a positive attitude towards it and awareness of its importance, regardless of whether it is performed individually or collectively. It is established that foreign researchers have a similar view on the essence of the concept “research competence”. They interpret it as a combination of skills, knowledge and attitudes with models of personal competencies, as a way to interact to achieve results and as the ability to successfully meet individual and social needs; they consider research skills fundamental to creating an evidence base of professional practice, the basis for lifelong learning and the key to innovation and knowledge transfer. The analysis of scientific literature has shown that scientists unanimously declare research competence as one of the most important; they use the concept “ability (readiness) for scientific activity” to emphasize its activity essence. It has been stated that research competence is regarded as the basis for the formation of professional competence, an important educational goal for graduates and the most important qualification of students wishing to continue their studies in a postgraduate training program. Keywords: competence; research competence; research activities; knowledge, skills and abilities; individual and social needs; professional education; scientific literacy; readiness for scientific activity.

Episodic Literary Movement and Translation: Ideology Embodied in Prefaces

This paper discusses translation practices from a historicist viewpoint, contextualizing them in their emerging “episode.” The latter is a concept drawn from sociology of literature and accounts for the rise of certain discourses and ideologies in a society. On the basis of the argument that translation practices are informed by the general literary and socio-cultural milieu in which they are produced and consumed (also known as ideology of representation), the paper studies the translators’ prefaces to three translations published between 1953 and 1978—a period dominated by Leftist and Marxist discourse in Iran. Drawing on a historically oriented model which holds that the translator’s ideology is revealed at the moment in which he/she chooses a text, and continues through the discourse he/she develops to translate that text, the research embarks on studying translation practices on two levels of choice mechanism and prefaces. Prefaces are discussed in the light of the dominant ideology of representation that is characterized by a revolutionary discourse. The research demonstrates that these translators opted for a strategy that incorporates the translations in the Persian cultural setting with minor changes in a way that politicizes the foreign literature.

Prefaces in Soviet translations of Robert Burns’s poetry as ideological tools

This article focuses on the ideological content and function of the prefaces that accompany the translations of foreign literature made in the Soviet Union. The aim of the article is to demonstrate how these translations use paratexts to comply with the target system’s ideological constraints. It shows how the ways in which the Soviet authorities used paratexts to manipulate representations of the author of the source text and the text itself reflect the power structures within the target system. The empirical investigation draws on a close lexical analysis of ideologemes in two prefaces that accompanied Soviet translations of Robert Burns’s poetry.