Palladium nanoparticles on a pyridinium supported ionic liquid phase: a recyclable and low-leaching palladium catalyst for aminocarbonylation reactions

SILP catalyst with grafted pyridinium ions was used for either mono- or double carbonylation depending on the reaction conditions. Good recyclability and low palladium loss were observed during the synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds.

Nickel-catalyzed enantioselective arylation of pyridine

A Ni-catalyzed cross coupling of arylzinc reagents with pyridinium ions provides enantioenriched dihydropyridines, which are precursors to diverse piperidine derivatives.

Nickel-catalyzed C-3 direct arylation of pyridinium ions for the synthesis of 1-azafluorenes

The reactivity of pyridinium ions was utilized for the first non-precious-metal-catalyzed C-3 direct arylation and was demonstrated by mechanistic studies.