Reinforcer Efficacy, Response Persistence, and Delay of Reinforcement

In an evaluation of the effects of delayed reinforcement on response persistence, two pigeons were exposed to a series of conditions in which reinforcement that either immediately followed or was delayed from the response that produced it alternated across blocks of sessions. Responding was maintained by a progressive-ratio schedule in which the response requirements incremented for successive reinforcers. The effects of signaled and unsignaled delay values of 1, 5, 10, and 20 s were investigated. In general, responding was more persistent, as measured as the point at which responding ceased for 300 s, with shorter delays, regardless of whether the delays were correlated with a distinct stimulus (that is signaled) or not. The results complement earlier findings showing that reinforcement delays affect reinforcer efficacy or response persistence by showing similar effects using an index of response strength that is independent of response rate. They also extend the general effects of delay of reinforcement to a schedule in which they previously have not been demonstrated.

La capacidad de inhibición de respuesta y la memoria a corto plazo son robustos a los efectos de la dieta alta en grasa (HFD) durante la pre y periadolescencia

Several lines of evidence demonstrate that high fat diet exposure can be detrimental to cognition across the lifespan. We have previously shown that context-stimulus learning is sensitive to high fat diet effects during adolescence but not adulthood. In the present study we determined if pre and periadolescent high fat diet exposure interferes with response-inhibition capacity, rule- learning, and memory during adulthood. Rats were fed a high fat or low fat diet during pre and periadolescence and completed behavioral testing as adults to assess response-inhibition capacity and reinforcer efficacy rule-learning and short-term memory. Results indicate pre and periadolescent high fat diet may have long-term effects on reinforcer efficacy and sustained attention. However, results indicate that either the pre and periadolescence period is too short for a high fat diet to induce long-term deficits in response-inhibition, rule-learning, or memory, or that maturation in the absence of a high fat diet rescued these deficits.