Urodynamic Assessment of Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a disease that causes leukoencephalopathy (dementia) and peripheral neuropathy (variable manifestation including bladder dysfunction). This is the first urodynamic report to show that bladder dysfunction in NIID is a combination of detrusor overactivity, decreased bladder sensation, large post-void residual, and neurogenic changes in the sphincter electromyogram. This report will help managing bladder dysfunction in NIID.

Urodynamic findings and urologic management of central cord syndrome

Purpose: Central cord syndrome is the most common incomplete spinal cord injury, although urodynamic data on this subset of patients is lacking. We aim to determine the typical urodynamic features associated with this condition. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing urodynamic studies in a tertiary spinal cord unit between 2014 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed to identify those with central cord syndrome. Charts were evaluated for demographics, spinal cord injury classification, symptoms, urodynamic parameters and treatment. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 131 consecutive patients undergoing urodynamic studies were reviewed and 33 were identified with central cord syndrome. Mean age was 46 years and 91% were male. The predominant spinal cord injury classification was American Spinal Injury Association D (52%). Overall, 94% (31/33) reported volitional voiding and normal bladder sensation. Video-urodynamics demonstrated neurogenic detrusor overactivity in 70% (23/33) of patients, with 15% (5/33) demonstrating leakage with neurogenic detrusor overactivity and 21% (7/33) having reflex emptying. In total, 94% (31/33) of patients had normal compliance, 42% (14/33) of patients had detrusor sphincter or bladder neck dyssynergia and 60% (20/33) had an alteration to their management plan following urodynamic study. Conclusion: There is discordance between subjective patient-reported symptoms and objective urodynamic findings. About two-fifths of patients may have a potentially unsafe urodynamic bladder profile and urodynamics studies resulted in a change in bladder management in the majority of patients. Urodynamic assessment of patients with central cord syndrome is essential to determine which patients require further intervention. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.