Equity Crowdfunders’ Human Capital and Signal Set Formation: Evidence From Eye Tracking

Signaling theory typically assumes that attention is always given to observable signals. We study signal receivers’ formation of signal sets—the signals to which receivers attend and that they can use for subsequent interpretations. Drawing on a cognitive perspective, we argue that signal receivers’ human capital influences the volume and type of signals they attend to and the time they take to form signal sets. Using eye tracking, we show that equity crowdfunders do not attend to many signals that are easily observable on a campaign page, and that differences in crowdfunders’ human capital uniquely affect their signal set formation.

Design and analysis of an OFDM-based orthogonal multilevel code-shifted differential chaos shift keying

In this paper, a new non-coherent <span class="il">chaos</span>-<span class="il">based</span> communication that combined <span class="il">Orthogonal</span> <span class="il">Multilevel</span> <span class="il">Code</span>-<span class="il">Shifted</span> <span class="il">Differential</span> <span class="il">Chaos</span> <span class="il">Shift</span> <span class="il">Keying</span> with <span class="il">orthogonal</span> frequency division multiplexing named (<span class="il">OFDM</span>-OMCS-DCSK) modulation system. New <span class="il">orthogonal</span> chaotic signal sets are generated by hybrid Gram-Schmidt algorithm <span class="il">and</span> Walsh <span class="il">code</span> function <span class="il">and</span> used it to carry high data rate in the same time slot. The Bandwidth efficiency <span class="il">of</span> the <span class="il">OFDM</span>-OMCS-DCSK system is comparing with conventional system. Also, the BER analytic expressions are derived under (AWGN) <span class="il">and</span> multipath Rayleigh fading channels <span class="il">and</span> comparing with the simulation results. Furthermore, the BER performance is compared with <span class="il">OFDM</span>-DCSK to found that the proposed system has the best BER performance with high data rate feature.