Successful Sac Embolization to Eliminate a Type 2 Endoleak After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair by Penetration of a Vascular Plug Implanted in a Left Subclavian Artery

Purpose: To describe a technique of vascular plug penetration by a guidewire with a heavy tip load for additional embolization of a type 2 endoleak after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Technique: The technique of vascular plug penetration is effective for additional embolization of a type 2 endoleak, when large arteries such as left subclavian artery (LSA) or hypogastric artery remain patent even after the embolization of the vessel has been performed using a vascular plug and are responsible for the endoleak. A tapered guidewire with a heavy tip load enables the penetration of the disk of the plug, followed by introduction of a microcatheter into the endoleak nidus. In the presented case, the technique successfully eliminated a type 2 endoleak in a thoracic aortic aneurysm for which a patent LSA despite the embolization by a vascular plug was responsible. Conclusion: The technique of vascular plug penetration allows an access to an endoleak cavity via a vascular plug placed in an aortic side branch for additional embolization of a type 2 endoleak after EVAR.

Ischaemic Lumbosacral Plexopathy after Embolization of Type 2 Endoleak -- Progress and Functional Outcome

An endoleak is a complication that can occur after an endovascular aneurysm repair. We report a rare case of ischemic lumbosacral plexopathy post embolization of type 2 endoleak, including its presentation, neurological progress, rehabilitation strategy and functional outcome.