We give a complete description, provided with a mathematical proof, of the shape of the spectrum of the Hill operator with potential [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] We prove that the second critical point [Formula: see text], after which the real parts of the first and second bands disappear, is a number between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we prove that [Formula: see text] is the degeneration point for the first periodic eigenvalue. Besides, we give a scheme by which one can find arbitrary precise value of the second critical point as well as the [Formula: see text]th critical points after which the real parts of the [Formula: see text]th and [Formula: see text]th bands disappear, where [Formula: see text]
The spectrum of the Hamiltonian with a PT-symmetric periodic optical potential