Luxação da articulação têmporo-mandibular: tratamento cirúrgico

The authors describes a technic for arrest of excessive condylar movement which consist in passing a steel wire in order to circunscribe the zygomatic arch.

Posture-based Morphological Deformation of the Parotid Gland and its Clinical Implications for Minimally Invasive Procedures

Anatomical studies of the parotid gland are important for mid- and lower face filler, botulinum toxin, and thread lifting procedures. The purpose of this study was to observe the topographic anatomy of the parotid gland using cadaveric dissections. The superficial lobe of the parotid gland was studied in 30 hemisected heads. Reference lines were made on the lateral aspect of the face. A reference line (the line connecting the mandibular angle to the upper margin of the zygomatic arch, along the posterior margin of the ramus) was divided into four sections (P1, P2, P3, and P4). The superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior borders of the parotid gland were measured using the reference lines and sections. Using these measurements, we categorized the superficial lobe of the parotid gland into two types: type Ia, pistol-shaped; Ib, pistol-shaped with an accessory lobe; and type II, oval-shaped. The superior border of the parotid gland started just below the inferior margin of the zygomatic arch. The parotid gland covered the posterior part of the masseter muscle near P1 and P2, but at P3 and below P3, the tail of the parotid gland was located posterior to the ramus and covered the anterior part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The topographic anatomy of the parotid gland serves as a reliable reference for esthetic procedures in the lower face and neck region.

Development of a New Reusable and User-Centric General-Use Mask for Averting Respirator Supply Crisis in the Healthcare Sector

Healthcare workforce implements general-use masks for low and/or moderate barrier protection in sterile environments. However, these masks are often unavailable in pandemic situations due to a strain on supply/demand logistics. In such cases, establishing development of respiratory protection within the organization may be beneficial. Our work presents one such novel method of designing customized masks by considering facial anthropometrics of the specific sample population. In fact, such a design may provide a more efficient fit with the users as compared to currently available masks, which are often designed for a much wider range of people. The protocol followed a fast-paced method of obtaining facial data (~2.8 mins/participant), and a data-driven approach for extracting design profiles. We have demonstrated the same through a pilot study, which involved recruiting a group of 7 participants with ethnic and gender variation. A total of 7 landmarks representing zygomatic process of the temporal, angle of mandible, zygomatic arch, nasal-maxillary region, and apex of nose, mid-lips and the chin were selected. Analysis included determining closest, mid-points, and farthest points for each landmark among the entire datasets. Results indicated that the landmarks: Apex of Nose, Midlips and Chin represented a straight-line path with a lateral shift of ~4.58 inches between the closest and farthest dimensions from the nose point, based on which the facepiece was designed. Meanwhile, geometric transformations consisting of several construction lines and bisectors were used along with obtained data from zygomatic arch, process of temporal, and angle of mandible landmarks to determine the contours of the straps for securing the mask. Our design addresses common issues in masks like discomfort around the ear, humidity, and reuse, by provision of a novel mounting method, fabric-based materials, and sleeve for replacement of filters, respectively. The proposed concept of the mask and the methods followed could also be applied in broader applications including manufacturing/construction and also daily-life activities besides hospital environments.