Equipment and monitoring

The equipment and monitoring chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Retrieval Medicine benchmarks the standard of care delivered by the retrievalist while transiting through the retrieval environment. Continuous physiological monitoring alerts the retrievalist to potential patient deterioration. Core monitor functions are discussed in depth. Standard equipment such as syringe drivers are explained. In addition, a quick but comprehensive guide to ultrasound and blood gas analysis will be a useful refresher for the reader. Echocardiography findings are tabulated. Intraosseous access and recommended insertion sites are detailed. The chapter ends with sound advice regarding packaging of the equipment and the critically ill patient for optimal safe transport.

Mesh Spacing Estimates and Efficiency Considerations for Moving Mesh Systems

Adaptive numerical methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) that control the movement of grid points are called moving mesh methods. In this paper, these methods are examined in the case where a separate PDE, that depends on a monitor function, controls the behavior of the mesh. This results in a system of PDEs: one controlling the mesh and another solving the physical problem that is of interest. For a class of monitor functions resembling the arc length monitor, a trade off between computational efficiency in solving the moving mesh system and the accuracy level of the solution to the physical PDE is demonstrated. This accuracy is measured in the density of mesh points in the desired portion of the domain where the function has steep gradient. The balance of computational efficiency versus accuracy is illustrated numerically with both the arc length monitor and a monitor that minimizes certain interpolation errors. Physical solutions with steep gradients in small portions of their domain are considered for both the analysis and the computations.

Moving Finite Element Simulations for Reaction-Diffusion Systems

This work is concerned with the numerical simulations for two reaction-diffusion systems, i.e., the Brusselator model and the Gray-Scott model. The numerical algorithm is based upon a moving finite element method which helps to resolve large solution gradients. High quality meshes are obtained for both the spot replication and the moving wave along boundaries by using proper monitor functions. Unlike [33], this work finds out the importance of the boundary grid redistribution which is particularly important for a class of problems for the Brusselator model. Several ways for verifying the quality of the numerical solutions are also proposed, which may be of important use for comparisons.