Unpacking the Childcare and Education Policy Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from the Canadian Province of Quebec

Building from Blum and Dobrotić’s conceptual framework, this paper shows that the decisions to reopen childcare centres and schools in the Canadian province of Quebec in 2020 were influenced by four goals: (1) protecting public health, (2) promoting academic success / fostering early education, (3) addressing social inequalities, and (4) helping parents to reconcile employment and care activities. Although the first three objectives were considered in the sequence of reopening, the government quickly chose to prioritize work-family reconciliation above other objectives. Quebec’s tight sequence of reopening childcare centres and schools is not simply a consequence of evolving research showing lower risks associated with COVID-19 for young children, it also reflects the province’s cultural norms toward mothers’ employment and the high legitimacy of the state in subsidizing childcare.

The Evolution Sequence in Narrow-Line and Broad-Line SEYFERT 1 Galaxies

Collecting a sample of 50 narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) and 44 broad-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (BLS1s), we show that the theoretical maximum starburst line derived by Kewley et al. can separate well BLS1s from NSL1s on the BPT diagrams, and the [N II]λ 6584/Hα ratio increases along the list from NLS1s to BLS1s. We suggest that: (1) they have a sequence from low metallicities to high metallicities between NLS1s and BLS1s; (2) with regard to the “star-froming sequence” of Kewley et al. who noted that it forms a tight sequence from low metallicities to high metallicities, the sequence may be connected to the NLS1-BLS1 sequence of “active galactic nucleus (AGN)” sequences.

Four Color Photometry of DB White Dwarfs

Observations of 22 DB stars using the uvby photometric system are discussed. In the [(b–y),(u–b)] diagram, these objects define a relatively tight sequence, but the interpretation is hampered by the lack of a precise knowledge of atmospheric element abundances in these stars. The recent models of Koester (1979) show a larger gravity separation for the DB’s using Strömgren photometry and appear to fit the observations better than earlier theoretical results. Due to the tightness of the DB sequence at the hot and cool ends, respectively, there appears to be evidence for restricted ranges in log g and the atmospheric hydrogen abundance.