Hand-foot syndrome and nail disorders secondary to treatment with paclitaxel: Is there a relationship with the presence of fungi?

Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of nail disorders and the presence of fungi on the nails of the hands and feet of patients with hand-foot syndrome secondary to treatment with paclitaxel. Methods Prospective study, carried out from October 2018 to December 2019, which included 81 patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer using paclitaxel and had signs and or symptoms of hand-foot syndrome with or without nail disorders. The data were collected through interviews guided by a structured questionnaire, information from medical records and reports of mycological exams. Results The average age of women was 54.7 ± 7.4 years. Nail disorders occurred in 69 patients (85.2%), and of these, 43 (62.3%) were positive for fungi. The fungi were yeasts ( n = 38; 69%), dermatophytes ( n = 15; 27.2%) and non-dermatophyte filamentous fungi ( n = 8; 14.5%). Conclusions Nail disorders were the most frequent manifestations in patients with hand-foot syndrome treated with paclitaxel and occurred in 85.2% of them. It was evidenced that fungi are present on the nails of these patients and can occur in up to 65.28%. The most prevalent fungi were Candida and Trichophyton. The nail lesion was associated with the type of treatment protocol used by the patient. The results of the study point to the need to select safe management alternatives for patients, so they can prevent nail lesions and prevent the proliferation of fungi, consequently reducing negative life impact during treatment.

Rare Case ofAspergillus ochraceusOsteomyelitis of Calcaneus Bone in a Patient with Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in humans. One of the major complications of the disease is foot ulcer that is prone to infection. The most common causes of infection which have been reported in these patients are bacteria and fungi such asCandida, Aspergillus, and Rhizopusspecies. We report one such rare case with calcaneal osteomyelitis caused byAspergillus ochraceusin a patient with diabetic foot osteomyelitis. The case was a 68-year-old male with a history of type II diabetes for 2 years. The patient had two ulcers on the right heel bones for the past 6 months with no significant improvement. One of the most important predisposing factors to infectious diseases, especially opportunistic fungal infection, is diabetes mellitus.Aspergillusspecies can involve bony tissue through vascular system, direct infection, and trauma. Proper and early diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infection can reduce or prevent complications, such as osteomyelitis and amputation. The annual examination of feet for skin and nail lesion, sensation, anatomical changes, and vascular circulation can be useful for prevention and control of infection.