jadera haematoloma
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2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith L Cenzer

ABSTRACTWhether intraspecific interactions are facilitative or competitive may change across individual ontogeny. In plant-feeding insects, the direction of this interaction is likely to be mediated by host plant defenses. Here I conducted two experiments looking at the direct effect of a physical seed defense and the role of intraspecific facilitation in reducing the effects of that defense for juveniles. I first demonstrate that juveniles of the red-shouldered soapberry bug (Jadera haematoloma) are severely inhibited by the tough seed coat of their host plant, leading to high mortality early in development. Adults, in contrast, can create holes through which other individuals could potentially feed. I then manipulated whether or not seeds experienced adult feeding on two host plant species: a well-defended native host, balloon vine (Cardiospermum corindum) and a poorly defended introduced golden rain tree species (Koelreuteria elegans). I measured the effect of prior adult feeding on survival, development time, and final body size of soapberry bug juveniles. Survival in the first week of development was dramatically improved by prior adult feeding on both hosts. However, the benefits of prior adult feeding ceased after the first week of development and shifted to having a negative effect on performance. These results indicate that adults breaking through the seedcoat initially facilitate juveniles, but that this facilitation becomes competition as juveniles age.


2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith L Cenzer

Locally adapted populations are often used as model systems for the early stages of ecological speciation, but most of these young divergent lineages will never become complete species. While the collapse of incipient species is theoretically common, very few examples have been documented in nature. Here I show that soapberry bugs (Jadera haematoloma) have lost adaptations to their native host plant (Cardiospermum corindum) and are regionally specializing on an invasive host plant (Koelreuteria elegans), collapsing a classic and well-documented example of local adaptation. All populations that were adapted to the native host - including those still found on that host today - are now better adapted to the invasive in multiple phenotypes. Weak differentiation remains in two traits, suggesting that homogenization across the region is incomplete. This study highlights the potential for adaptation to invasive species to disrupt native communities by swamping adaptation to native conditions through maladaptive gene flow.


2012 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel F. Zych ◽  
R. W. Mankin ◽  
James F. Gillooly ◽  
Everett Foreman

2011 ◽  
Vol 356 (1) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Stacey L. Baker ◽  
Ariel C. Aspiras ◽  
Scott P. Carroll ◽  
Jose A. Andres ◽  
David R. Angelini

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
María José Bressa
Keyword(s):  

El presente trabajo de Tesis se basa en el estudio citogenético básico y evolutivo de especies de Heteroptera fitófagas de interés agroeconómico para nuestro país. Se analizó el complemento cromosómico y el desarrollo meiótico de las siguientes especies: Hypselonotus bitriangulifer bitriangulifer Berg (2n= 19/20= 16+2m+X0/16+2m+XX), Athaumastus haematicus (Stål, 1859), Leptoglossus impictus (Stål, 1859) y Phthia picta (Drury, 1770) (las tres especies poseen 2n= 21/22= 18+2m+X0, 18+2m+XX) (Coreidae); Largus fasciatus (Blanchard, 1843) y Largus rufipennis Laporte, 1832 (ambas con 2n= 13/14= 12+X0/12+XX) (Largidae); Lygaeus alboornatus Blanchard, 1852 (2n= 12= 10+XY/10+XX) (Lygaeidae sensu lato); Dysdercus albofasciatus Berg, 1878 (2n= 12= 10+neoXY/10+neoXX), Dysdercus chaquensis Freiberg, 1948, Dysdercus imitator Blöte, 1931 y Dysdercus ruficollis (Linnaeus, 1764) (las tres especies con 2n= 13/14= 12+X0/12+XX) (Pyrrhocoridae); Jadera haematoloma (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1847) y Jadera sanguinolenta (Fabricius, 1775) (ambas con 2n= 13/14= 10+2m+X0/10+2m+XX) (Rhopalidae). En este trabajo se han encontrado alteraciones numéricas y estructurales en las especies analizadas de las familias Coreidae, Largidae, Lygaeidae y Pyrrhocoridae. Teniendo en cuenta el número cromosómico diploide modal para Coreidae, en Hypselonotus bitriangulifer bitriangulifer se observó una fusión autosómica que trajo aparejado una reducción del número de pares de autosomas. Los resultados obtenidos en Lygaeus alboornatus (Lygaeidae) muestran que esta especie posee el número cromosómico diploide más bajo mencionado hasta el presente para la subfamilia Lygaeinae, el cual se habría originado a partir del complemento cromosómico diploide atávico a través de una fusión autosómica. En la población de Largus fasciatus (Largidae) se encontró un individuo portador de un cromosoma B, mientras que en una población de Dysdercus albofasciatus (Pyrrhocoridae) cuatro especímenes presentaron un cromosoma supernumerario, que por sus características se habría originado a partir de un autosoma. En una población de Largus rufipennis (Largidae) se encontró un individuo portador de una translocación recíproca desigual entre dos cromosomas no homólogos de tamaño mediano. Finalmente, se encontraron individuos con alteraciones en los cromosomas sexuales en especímenes de Jadera sanguinolenta y J. haematoloma, los que presentaron un polimorfismo cromosómicoen relación con el tamaño del cromosoma sexual. Con respecto a los sistemas cromosómicos de determinación del sexo en Heteroptera, se encontró un sistema sexual neo-XY en Dysdercus albofasciatus, que es original para el género, así como para la familia Pyrrhocoridae, y para Heteroptera en virtud de su origen.


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