Bioremediation of Benzophenone by Glycosylation with Immobilized Marine Microalga Chrysocampanulla spinifera and Amphidinium crassum

Reduction and glycosylation of benzophenone, which is an endocrine disrupting chemical, were investigated using immobilized marine microalga and plant cells from the viewpoint of bioremediation of benzophenone. Immobilized marine microalga of Chrysocampanulla spinifera reduced benzophenone to diphenylmethanol. Immobilized marine microalga of Amphidinium crassum glucosylated diphenylmethanol to the corresponding glucoside. The sequential biotransformation with C. spinifera and A. crassum effectively converted benzophenone into diphenylmethyl glucoside. On the other hand, immobilized plant cells of Catharanthus roseus transformed benzophenone to diphenylmethanol, diphenylmethyl glucoside, and diphenylmethyl primeveroside, which was a new compound, by one-step biotransformation.

Production of (2R,3S)-2-Benzamidomethyl-3-Hydroxybutanoates by Immobilized Plant Cells of Parthenocissus Tricuspidata

Incubation of methyl 2-benzamidomethyl-3-oxobutanoate with cultured plant cells of Parthenocissus tricuspidata for 2 days afforded methyl (2 R,3 S)-2-benzamidomethyl-3-hydroxybutanoate with 100% de and >99% ee in 51% yield. The use of immobilized cells of P. tricuspidata in calcium alginate gel improved the yield of the product (95% yield) with 100% de and >99% ee. The immobilized cells of P. tricuspidata maintained the high potential for the reduction of methyl 2-benzamidomethyl-3-oxobutanoate (85% yield) after 5 times of usage.