Determination of phthalic acid esters in imitation jewellery and investigation of their migration risk

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying LAI ◽  
Zongping HUANG ◽  
Xiuxiu GE ◽  
Rui LIN ◽  
Hexiu CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Acid Esters

Chemodynamics, transport behaviour and treatment of phthalic acid esters in municipal landfill leachates

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Bauer ◽  
R. Herrmann ◽  
A. Martin ◽  
H. Zellmann
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Transport Behaviour ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate ◽  
Dissolved Phase ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Long Chain

Large amounts of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are leached from plastics dumped at municipal landfills. This leachate transports PAEs either adsorbed on particulate matter or in dissolved phase. Dissolved organic macromolecules, mainly humic-like substances, enhance the solubility of PAEs. In the biochemical environments of municipal landfills short chain PAEs can be degraded by base-catalyzed hydrolysis or by microorganisms which enzymatically split the side chains. However, there is no cleavage of the aromatic ring. Long chain PAEs like di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate are neither degraded abiotically nor by microorganisms. Hence, these PAEs can be leached and washed out of leaky landfills into the groundwater and thus continue to be a threat to the aquatic environment. Only a combined UV radiation/ozonation treatment is capable of fully destroying PAEs.

Ribosylierung mono- und bicyclischer Dicarbonsäureimide / Ribosylation of Mono- and Bicyclic Dicarboxylic Acid Imides

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 397-402
Author(s):  
Kurt-Peter Raezke ◽  
Hermann Frister ◽  
Eckhard Schlimme
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Cyclic Imides ◽  
Tin Tetrachloride

The N-trimethylsilyl compounds of the cyclic imides derived from cis-cyclohexan-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, cis-4-cyclohexen-1,2-dicarboxylic acid and phthalic acid were prepared. Reaction of the N-silylated cyclic imides 2 and 10 with 1,2,3,5-tetra-O-acetyl-β-ᴅ-ribofuranose in the presence of tin tetrachloride yielded the appropriate unusual ribonucleosides 4 and 12 whereas 14 led only to traces of the ribosylated derivative. The silylation and ribosylation sites in the aforementioned bicyclic imides were proved by 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy and compared with data found for the monocyclic imides N-succinimide and N-maleinimide.

Studies on Sporopollenin Biosynthesis in Cucurbita maxima I: The Substantial Labeling of Sporopollenin from Cucurbita maxima after Application of [14C]Phenylalanine

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Gubatz ◽  
Rolf Wiermann
Keyword(s):  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Purification Step ◽  
Decanedioic Acid ◽  
Octanedioic Acid ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tracer Experiments

The results of tracer experiments performed with anthers of Tulipa cv. Apeldoorn have already shown that a high level of incorporation into the sporopollenin fraction was achieved, when [14C]phenylalanine was applicated as a precursor. In order to investigate whether the substantial incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine is a unique phenomenon restricted to Tulipa, tracer experiments were carried out on anthers of Cucurbita maxima. The sporopollenin fraction was isolated and purified by a gentle method including extractions with various solvents, incubations with hydrolysing enzymes and fractionated saponifications. The remaining, as well as the released radioactivity, was determined after each purification step. After the application of [U-14C]phenylalanine, a substantial incorporation into the sporopollenin fraction was determined. The values were clearly higher than those obtained with [1-14C]glucose or those from corresponding experiments on Tulipa anthers. After potash fusion of sporopollenin fractions labeled via [U-14C]phenylalanine, p-hydroxybenzoic acid was shown to be the main com ponent among the ether soluble acids; moreover it showed the highest level of radioactivity. No radioactivity was detected in the degradation products oxalic acid, benzoic acid, phthalic acid and terephthalic acid or octanedioic acid- and decanedioic acid-dimethylester.

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