Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
None
Introduction
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly that usually involves the right pulmonary vein and an atrial septal defect. It is accounted for 0.7%. Isolated partial anomalous pulmonary venous return with an intact atrial septum is even rarer, and this condition is usually treated surgically in younger patients.
We report a case of a young female, incidentally found to have a right upper pulmonary vein draining into the right atrium, confirmed by TOE and CT Venography pulmonary, with moderate right ventricular enlargement, without pulmonary hypertension, intra-cardiac shunt or accompanied congenital anomaly.
A decision of surgical correction was made. We conclude that it is important to suspect PAPVC in patients with right ventricular volume overload, even in absence of ASD.
Case presentation
A 26-year-old female, not known to have any chronic illness. She was referred because of poor appetite and low weight, to cardiology evaluation for accidental murmur finding during examination. She had no other symptoms.
The TOE was done which showed left pulmonary veins are normal, the right lower pulmonary vein is normal, and there is high suspicion of aberrant right upper pulmonary vein draining in the right atrium, no evidence of intra-cardiac shunt.
CT Venography pulmonary revealed anomalous (Giant) right superior pulmonary vein to the superior vena cava and draining to the right atrium. Figure 1. Patient was referred for surgical correction.
Discussion
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return is a type of left to right shunt. It is a rare congenital abnormal cardiac defect in which the pulmonary veins draining into the right atrium (RA) directly or indirectly by venous connection. Its accounted for 0.4 to 0.7%. However, as this rate is based upon autopsy data, the true prevalence of PAPVR may actually be higher.
PAPVR is frequently associated with other congenital heart disease, most commonly ASD, in >75% of patients. It is estimated that 10% to 15% of patients with ASD and up to 85% of patients with sinus venosus ASD have PAPVC. Exclusive of ASD, other more complex cardiac malformations occur in ∼20% of patients. PAPVR can also be an isolated defect with intact atrial septum.
TOE is more sensitive than TTE in detecting PAPVR. A potential limitation of echocardiography is the availability of acoustic windows. If all four PVs are not identified emptying into the left atrium on TEE, CCT and CMR may provide complementary data .
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, missed diagnosis always occurs in PAPVR, the debauched and blood flow of pulmonary vein should be over-viewed carefully during TEE examination. In a patient with unexplained RV enlargement PAPVC (one or more pulmonary veins) should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Multi-modality cardiac imaging using echocardiography, CT angiography and CMR may provide a comprehensive noninvasive evaluation of PAPVC.
Abstract P1729 Figure. Fig1 TOE (Top),CT (Bottom) of RUPV
On the development of the atrial septum and the valvular apparatus in the right atrium of the pig embryo, with a note on the fenestration of the anterior cardinal veins