<p>During geomagnetically disturbed times the surface geomagnetic field often changes abruptly, producing&#160;geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in a number of ground based systems. There are, however,&#160;few studies reporting GIC effects which are driven directly by bursty bulk flows (BBFs) in the inner&#160;magnetosphere. In this study, we investigate the characteristics and responses of the magnetosphere-ionosphere-ground system during the 7 January 2015 storm by using a multi-point approach which combines space-borne measurements and ground magnetic observations. During the event, multiple BBFs are&#160;detected in the inner magnetosphere while the magnetic footprints of both magnetospheric and ionospheric&#160;satellites map to the same conjugate region surrounded by a group of magnetometer ground stations. It is&#160;suggested that the observed, localized substorm currents are caused by the observed magnetospheric BBFs,&#160;giving rise to intense geomagnetic perturbations. Our results provide direct evidence that the wide-range&#160;of intense dB/dt<strong>&#160;</strong>(and dH/dt) variations are associated with a large-scale, substorm current system, driven&#160;by multiple BBFs.</p>
Improving geomagnetic proxies for geomagnetically induced currents (GICs)
