scholarly journals The medial-lateral force distribution in the ovine stifle joint during walking

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Taylor ◽  
Berry M. Poepplau ◽  
Christian König ◽  
Rainald M. Ehrig ◽  
Stefan Zachow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Force ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Stifle Joint

Simultaneous Optimal Distribution of Lateral and Longitudinal Tire Forces for the Model Following Control

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossama Mokhiamar ◽  
Masato Abe
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Force ◽  
Longitudinal Force ◽  
Equality Constraints ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Slip Angle ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Tire Force ◽  
Model Following Control ◽  
Tire Forces

This paper presents a proposed optimum tire force distribution method in order to optimize tire usage and find out how the tires should share longitudinal and lateral forces to achieve a target vehicle response under the assumption that all four wheels can be independently steered, driven, and braked. The inputs to the optimization process are the driver’s commands (steering wheel angle, accelerator pedal pressure, and foot brake pressure), while the outputs are lateral and longitudinal forces on all four wheels. Lateral and longitudinal tire forces cannot be chosen arbitrarily, they have to satisfy certain specified equality constraints. The equality constraints are related to the required total longitudinal force, total lateral force, and total yaw moment. The total lateral force and total moment required are introduced using the model responses of side-slip angle and yaw rate while the total longitudinal force is computed according to driver’s command (traction or braking). A computer simulation of a closed-loop driver-vehicle system subjected to evasive lane change with braking is used to prove the significant effects of the proposed optimal tire force distribution method on improving the limit handling performance. The robustness of the vehicle motion with the proposed control against the coefficient of friction variation as well as the effect of steering wheel angle amplitude is discussed.

SEISMIC LATERAL FORCE DISTRIBUTION FOR DUCTILITY-BASED DESIGN OF STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250004 ◽  
Author(s):  
SWAPNIL B. KHARMALE ◽  
SIDDHARTHA GHOSH
Keyword(s):  
Steel Plate ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Steel Plate Shear Walls ◽  
Steel Plate Shear Wall ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Ductility Ratio

The thin unstiffened steel plate shear wall (SPSW) system has now emerged as a promising lateral load resisting system. Considering performance-based design requirements, a ductility-based design was recently proposed for SPSW systems. It was felt that a detailed and closer look into the aspect of seismic lateral force distribution was necessary in this method. An investigation toward finding a suitable lateral force distribution for ductility-based design of SPSW is presented in this paper. The investigation is based on trial designs for a variety of scenarios where five common lateral force distributions are considered. The effectiveness of an assumed trial distribution is measured primarily on the basis of how closely the design achieves the target ductility ratio, which is measured in terms of the roof displacement. All trial distributions are found to be almost equally effective. Therefore, the use of any commonly adopted lateral force distribution is recommended for plastic design of SPSW systems.

Surgical Correction of Congenital Bilateral Patellar Luxation in a Pup - A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mohd. Arif Basha ◽  
K.M. Srinivasa Murthy ◽  
L. Ranganath
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Genu Valgum ◽  
Coxa Vara ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Skeletal Abnormalities ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Traumatic Origin

Luxation of patella may be congenital or traumatic origin, and can affect any breed. The congenital form is related to developmental abnormalities of the limb that create malalignment of quadriceps group of muscles. With underlying abnormalities of hip and stifle joint congenital lateral patellar luxation have skeletal abnormalities like retroversion of femoral head and neck, coxa vara (altered angle of inclination), genu valgum and shallow trochlear groove with poorly developed trochlear ridges (Denny and Butterworth, 2006). Luxation of patella is a common cause of lameness in dog which can be in medial or lateral displacement. The incidence of medial patellar luxation is 5 times more than lateral luxation and is seen more in large breeds of dogs. Lateral patellar luxation may predispose the dogs to knock knee (genu valgum) and cow hock (hock valgus) condition (Robins, 1990). The cause of lateral patellar luxation is unknown but is thought to be related to anteversion or coxa valga of the coxofemoral joint, which shifts the line of force produced by the pull of quadriceps lateral to the longitudinal axis of the trochlear groove. This abnormally directed lateral force pulls the patella from the trochlear sulcus causing skeletal abnormalities (Fossum, 2002).

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