Total Variance Approach on Commercial Vehicle Handling Dynamics

The suspension roll motion can produce roll steer, which are functions of roll angle, thus producing extra lateral forces. This paper develops the total variance approach to analyze the effect of suspension roll on commercial vehicle handling dynamics. The side-slip angle unified transfer function, reaction time, transition time, damping ratio and total variance are introduced with the effect of suspension. The vehicle designers could use this approach to get optimization design parameters of vehicle without numerical calculation. For the two-axle commercial vehicles, the total variance approach is useful and could serve as an important tool for evaluating the effect of vehicle suspension roll on commercial vehicle dynamics.

A New Down Hole Tool and Approach To Release Differentially Stuck Pipe

A new down hole system and method to use for releasing stuck pipes is presented. New system design, features and limits are compared to commonly used techniques for releasing stuck pipe showing benefits of the new system when dealing with differential stuck pipe incidents. The new down hole system is capable to deliver much greater forces when compared to jars and other down hole accelerators near the stuck point. This system can generate over 40G`s lateral forces continuously down the hole acting on the stuck pipe area. The system can be integrated into a Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) and activated once drill string become stuck or run as a part of the remediate assembly. Different aspects of two types of assemblies are described outlining the benefits and drawbacks. The author will discuss in details the background and rationale to the new technology, including a review of differential sticking challenges and functionality of this new system. The new system was compared to the most commonly used techniques for releasing differentially stuck pipe. Previously not releasable stuck pipe forces of over 1,000,000 lb. can now be overcome with the presented new approach to generate down hole forces near the stuck place. Flexibility in system integration and deployment allows for further optimization in BHA design and cost affective fishing operations in dedicated hole sections. This new approach can be implemented to release the most challenging stuck pipe mechanisms in drilling to minimize NPT and cost associated with stuck pipe, remedial operations and sidetracks. Similar approach can be utilized to release differentially stuck pipes, tubing and completions. The novelty of this stuck pipe release system is the entire down hole system and operations of the overall system using new approach to generate large shocks down the hole. Additional novelty is related to flexibility during integration and deployment of this system. Similar to current shock tools, this system can be placed in BHA, fishing type assemblies and also pumped down inside of the stuck drill string to save time and cost.

Structural geological complications for tunnel construction in the Kostenets’s section of the Maritsa fault zone in Central Bulgaria

The structural geological features defining the discontinuity network in metamorphic rocks hosting railway tunnels are described. Discussion on the faults, joints, lineation and stresses found from fault population is presented. It is demonstrated that the formation of some brittle joints is related to the ductile stretching lineation. The geotechnical situation for the tunnel construction is complicated and requires reassessment of the design solutions in order to accommodate substantial lateral forces and prevent shear of the tubes.

RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF LONGITUDINAL COMPRESSION ON THE STRENGTH OF THE WALL OF TWO-TURNED REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS WITH A CHARACTERISTIC EPURA BENDING MOMENTS IN THE AREA OF ACTION OF LATERAL FORCES

Experimental studies have been carried out to study the effect of longitudinal compression on the strength of the wall of I-beams of reinforced concrete beams.It has been established that with the central application of a longitudinal compressive force, the strength of the wall of I-beams of reinforced concrete beams with an alternating diagram of bending moments in the zone of action of transverse forces practically depends little on the degree of longitudinal compression.A comparative analysis of the results obtained with the results of similar experimental studies carried out on I-beam reinforced concrete beams with an unambiguous diagram of bending moments in the zone of action of shear forces is carried out.

Response Reduction Factor for Lateral Load Resisting Frames with Vertical Discontinuity of Asymmetrical Structure

In recent times, the RC building construction with vertical discontinuity that is floating column structures are unavoidable feature and increases trends day by day. To reduce lateral forces the earthquake resistance structures are designed so the response reduction factor (R) is used to determine these lateral forces by using base shear values. The R factor depends upon the overstrength factor, ductility factor, redundancy factor also the sizes of columns, types of soil, zones and load transferring path, etc. The IS code provides response reduction factor only for OMRF and SMRF along with other structures like Braced frame system, Structural wall system, Dual system, Flat slab structure wall system, etc. so there are no codal provisions for floating column structures. Thus it is essential to study the real behaviours of RC buildings with discontinuity in load transferring path through non-linear static analysis, so the present research work is done on trying to find R factor for vertical discontinuous asymmetrical structure for different soil conditions and different positions of floating column using moment resisting frames. And the structure is analyzed by response spectrum analysis and non-linear static analysis using SAP2000 software.

Simulation of running a vehicle with a Y25 bogie on a theoretical track

This paper is focused on the simulation of a railway vehicle with a Y25 bogie running on a theoretical track and it will simulate its dynamic properties. The model was created in multi-body simulation software SIMULIA - SIMPACK. The first part mentions the basics theoretical information about the forces which acts in the bogie for example vertical load, slip or lateral forces of the wheelset. The definition of the theoretical track is listed as well. The second part deals with the basics information about technical specifications of the Y25 bogie and its usage. In the next part, the 3D model of the Y25 bogie is described. This section also describes the simulation, which is performed at different speeds. In the last part, results are evaluated and compared for each speed. Results will be suitable for further academic research and development.

Tektonika Perpaduan Unsur Jawa Dengan Eropa Pada Pendopo Dalem Kabupaten Rembang

<p><em>Dalem Kabupaten Rembang (regent residence), including the Pendopo as part of the Dalem component, was built around 1750. This building has a traditional Javanese concept that combined colonial architectural elements. This study aims to see the philosophical aspects of the saka guru that may influence the tectonic fusion of Javanese and European elements. </em><em>In order to know the tectonic aspect of the Pendopo Dalem Kabupaten, this research using qualitative methods, while data collecting is conducted through literature study and observation. </em><em>The findings of this study can be seen from the philosophical aspect in the concept of the “papat kiblat lima pancer“, where is reflected in the main structure of the saka guru (wooden material). Where functions as the main structure of the pendopo. Wooden material have given the aspect of its function which resists lateral forces (wind) to the overall construction. Meanwhile, the cement brick material on saka rawa and saka emper continuing the roof load to its foundation, used as bearing wall system. </em></p>

A study on the construction technology of the Seljuk minarets in Isfahan with focus on their geometric brick pattern

Using decorative elements is an inseparable aspect of Iranian architecture. Architectural ornaments in many buildings, including the minarets, represent the architect’s craftsmanship. As such, the minarets in Isfahan have different types of brickwork ornamentations, such as 90-degree herringbone (Khofteh-Rasteh), basket weave bond (Hasiri), and other complex types. Additionally, the highest minarets are usually constructed in a truncated conical shape to reduce their overall weight and ameliorate their stability against the wind, and lateral forces. Therefore, while the geometric integrity of brickwork patterns should be maintained, all the ornamentations are applied on a shrinking surface area. However, the practical solutions for the construction processes in these structures haven’t been sufficiently investigated. Hence, this study aims to explore the methods of brickwork projection on the minarets and analyse the changes in girih patterns at different height levels. Accordingly, after surveying the selected single minarets in Isfahan, they were modeled using drafting software applications and then analysed.

Experimental Study of Perfobond Rib Shear Connector under Lateral Force

A series of full-scale pushed out tests were performed on the Perfobond rib shear connector. The tests were designed to examine the performance of the Perfobond rib shear connector under different rib hole sizes and shapes, reinforcing bar sizes, rib thicknesses, as well as the presence of lateral forces. It has been revealed from the test results that the rib hole size and reinforcement diameter may not act independently, and the influence of one’s size is actually dependent on the size of the other one. The lateral forces also affect the performance of the shear connector; for example, the capacity of the shear connector would be larger under compression than under tension. The existence of transverse pretension stress accelerated the cracking of concrete, leading to the strength and stiffness of concrete, perforated plate, and reinforcing rebars unable to fully exert their effect. In addition, the constraint effect of transverse stress improved the strength and stiffness of concrete and delayed the concrete cracking, bringing the strength and stiffness of concrete, perforated plate, and reinforcing rebars into full play, and resulting in a significant improvement in the shear capacity of Perfobond rib shear connectors.