Feasibility of diffusion weighting with a local inside‐out nonlinear gradient coil for prostate MRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enamul Hoque Bhuiyan ◽  
Andrew Dewdney ◽  
Jeffrey Weinreb ◽  
Gigi Galiana
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Coil ◽  
Prostate Mri ◽  
Diffusion Weighting ◽  
Inside Out

scholarly journals Feasibility of Diffusion Weighting with a Local Inside-Out Nonlinear Gradient Coil for Prostate MRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enamul Bhuiyan ◽  
Andrew Dewdney ◽  
Jeffrey Weinreb ◽  
Gigi Galiana
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Gradient Coil ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Ampli Tudes ◽  
Head Gradient ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Inside Out

Purpose: Prostate cancer remains the 2nd leading cancer killer of men, yet it is also a disease with a high rate of overtreatment. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has shown promise as a reliable, grade-sensitive imaging method, but it is limited by low image quality. Currently, DWI image quality is directly related to low gradient ampli-tudes, since weak gradients must be compensated with long echo times. Methods: We propose a new type of MRl accessory, an "inside-out" and nonlinear gradient, whose sole purpose is to deliver diffusion encoding to a region of interest. Performance was simulated in OPERA and the resulting fields were used to simulate DWI with two compartment and kurtosis models. Experiments with a nonlinear head gradient prove the accuracy of DWI and ADC maps diffusion encoded with nonlinear gradients. Results: Simulations validated thermal and mechanical safety while showing a 5 to 10-fold increase in gradient strength over prostate. With these strengths, lesion CNR in ADC maps approximately doubled for a range of anatomical positions. Proof-of-principle experiments show that spatially varying b-values can be corrected for accurate DWI and ADC. Conclusions: Dedicated nonlinear diffusion encoding hardware could improve prostate DWI.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Diffusion Weighting with a Local Inside-Out Nonlinear Gradient Coil for Prostate MRI

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enamul Bhuiyan ◽  
Andrew Dewdney ◽  
Jeffrey Weinreb ◽  
Gigi Galiana
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Gradient Coil ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Ampli Tudes ◽  
Head Gradient ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Inside Out

Purpose: Prostate cancer remains the 2nd leading cancer killer of men, yet it is also a disease with a high rate of overtreatment. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has shown promise as a reliable, grade-sensitive imaging method, but it is limited by low image quality. Currently, DWI image quality is directly related to low gradient ampli-tudes, since weak gradients must be compensated with long echo times. Methods: We propose a new type of MRl accessory, an "inside-out" and nonlinear gradient, whose sole purpose is to deliver diffusion encoding to a region of interest. Performance was simulated in OPERA and the resulting fields were used to simulate DWI with two compartment and kurtosis models. Experiments with a nonlinear head gradient prove the accuracy of DWI and ADC maps diffusion encoded with nonlinear gradients. Results: Simulations validated thermal and mechanical safety while showing a 5 to 10-fold increase in gradient strength over prostate. With these strengths, lesion CNR in ADC maps approximately doubled for a range of anatomical positions. Proof-of-principle experiments show that spatially varying b-values can be corrected for accurate DWI and ADC. Conclusions: Dedicated nonlinear diffusion encoding hardware could improve prostate DWI.

The Structure Among Measures of Personality, Social Attitudes, Values, and Social Norms

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazar Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Ethnic Group Differences ◽  
Inside Out

Abstract. This paper presents the results of a study that employed measures of personality, social attitudes, values, and social norms that have been the focus of recent research in individual differences. These measures were given to a sample of participants (N = 1,255) who were enrolled at 25 US colleges and universities. Factor analysis of the correlation matrix produced four factors. Three of these factors corresponded to the domains of Personality/Amoral Social Attitudes, Values, and Social Norms; one factor, Conservatism, cut across the domains. Cognitive ability showed negative correlation with conservatism and amoral social attitudes. The study also examined gender and ethnic group differences on factor scores. The overall interpretation of the findings is consistent with the inside-out view of human social interactions.

Origin of Mind: Outside-In or Inside-Out?

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-530
Author(s):  
Diane Poulin-Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Mind ◽  
Inside Out

PsySR Inside Out

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tod Sloan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inside Out

Adoption from the Inside Out

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Weckstein ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inside Out

Behaviorism Inside Out: The Private Event

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Salzinger ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inside Out

Dancing From the Inside Out

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Mazur ◽  
Sarah Shockley
Keyword(s):  
Inside Out

Violence prevention: Inside out

1993 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Inside Out
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