Old-Age Government Transfers and the Crowding Out of Private Gifts: The70 and AboveProgram for the Rural Elderly in Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 782-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes ◽  
Laura Juarez
Author(s):  
Tuhinamsu Rath ◽  
Debabrata PANIGRAHI

Background: The objectives of the study were to find out the social support extended to the rural elderly and to find out the trust worthy and long term support providers for them.Methods: An exploratory descriptive research design was adopted where 1088 subjects were interviewed (517 males and 571 females) with variables of age, sex and standard of living. As per the response to the questionnaires, the quality of social support for the rural elderly, the trustworthy and long term support providers were evaluated.Results: Out of 1088 elderly people participated in the study only 15% had someone trustworthy care providers where as 84.5% reported to have no trustworthy care providers. 34.4% of respondents had trust on their son as the old age care providers where as 30.4% had trust on their spouse. Similarly 94.4% reported to have long term care giver. 67.3% respondents were confident of receiving indefinite long term care where as 24.9% reported to have “now and then” care and 6.5% have short term care. The study also revealed that the middle aged (60-79 age groups) is less confident in securing instrumental social support than the very old. (80 above age group). It has also been observed that there is shrinkage in the number of long term care providers with increasing age.Conclusions: Instrumental social support plays a strategic role in the domain of health care, particularly in old age. The study found that rural elderly have less trustworthy care providers in old age. There is variation with regard to age, sex and standard of living. With regard to long term care, it is found that family comes to the centre stage where the core family members like son and spouse engineer the support service. Son is the most trusted care provider and males prefer spouse and females prefer their son as the trusted care provider in long term care. In order to enlarge the support system and raise the quality, support services need to be equipped. Instrumental social support can be both preventive of expansion of morbidity and protective of healthy ageing.


2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1247-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Grogan ◽  
Fraser Summerfield
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-314
Author(s):  
Andreas Motel-Klingebiel ◽  
Clemens Tesch-Römer

In this paper, informal and formal provision of help and support for older people will be discussed in a welfare state comparative perspective, focussing on the relation between intergenerational family help and welfare state support. A range of research hypotheses is illuminated and tested. While the ‘substitution’ hypothesis states that generous provision of welfare state services may potentially crowd out family help to older people, the ‘encouragement’ hypothesis predicts the crowding in of family help. In addition, the hypothesis of ‘mixed responsibility’ predicts a combination of help and support by families and services – and, at last, the hypothesis of ‘functional differentiation’ assumes a specific mix with distinct and characteristic responsibilities of the named societal institutions.Results come from the research project OASIS – Old Age and Autonomy: The Role of Service Systems and Intergenerational Family Solidarity’. This European comparative data is based on disproportionally age-stratified random samples of the urban population (25 years and older) in Norway, England, Germany, Spain, and Israel (n=6.106). Findings show that total help received is more common in welfare states with a strong infrastructure of formal services. Moreover, statistical controls for social structure, pre¬ferences and familial opportunity structures bring in no evidence of substantial crowding out of family help. On the contrary, results support the hypothesis of ‘mixed responsibility’ and ‘functional differentiation’, as they point to the fact that in societies with well-developed service infrastructures, help from families and welfare-state services act accumulatively in the support of quality of life of older people. Help and support is less likely and support mixes are unusual in fami¬ly-oriented welfare regimes. Zusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag diskutiert aus einer international vergleichenden Perspektive die Ausgestaltung informeller und formeller Hilfe- und Unterstützungsleistungen für ältere Menschen. Dabei bezieht er sich insbesondere auf das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen inter- und intragenerationaler familialer Hilfe und wohlfahrtsstaatlich organisierten Unterstützungen. Während die ‚Substitutionshypothese‘ in einer großzügigen wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Versorgung älterer Menschen ein Potential zur Verdrängung der Familie als Unterstützungssystem sieht („crowding out“), geht die ‚Hypothese der Verstärkung‘ von einer Stimulation familialer Hilfen durch wohlfahrtsstaatliche Interventionen aus („crowding in“). Die ‚Hypothese der gemischten Verantwortung‘ prognostiziert derweil, dass eine verbesserte Serviceinfrastruktur vor allem die intensivierte Mischung informeller und formellen Hilfe- und Unterstützungsleistungen nach sich zieht. Die ‚Hypothese der funktionalen Differenzierung‘ schließlich nimmt darüber hinaus an, dass diese Mischung nicht unspezifisch erfolgt, sondern sich charakteristische Zuständigkeiten herausbilden. Der Beitrag berichtet empirische Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts OASIS – Old Age and Autonomy: The Role of Service Sys-tems and Intergenerational Family Solidarity. Grundlage ist eine nach Alter geschichtete urbane Stichprobe von 6.106 Personen im Alter von mehr als 25 Jahren aus Norwegen, England, Deutschland, Spanien und Israel. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die Gesamtheit der von älteren Menschen empfangenen Hilfe in jenen Wohlfahrtsstaaten deutlich größer ist, die eine ausgeprägte Infrastruktur von formellen Dienstleistungen aufweisen. Unter Kontrolle von Sozialstrukturindikatoren, gesellschaftlichen Normen und individuellen Präferenzen, gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen sowie familialen Opportunitätsstrukturen lassen sich dabei keine Hinweise auf eine substantielle ‚Verdrängung‘ familialer Hilfen finden. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen stattdessen die Hypothesen einer ‚gemischten Verantwortung‘ und ‚funktionalen Differenzierung‘. Sie deuten darauf hin, dass in Gesellschaften mit gut entwickelten Dienstleitungsinfrastrukturen die Hilfe aus familialen und wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Leistungen häufig kumulativ vorzufinden sind und so auf die Lebensqualität im Alter wirken, während solche Mischungen in familial orientierten Wohlfahrtsregimes bei zugleich insgesamt geringerer Verbreitung von Hilfen nur selten vorkommen.


2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irineu Evangelista de Carvalho Filho

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