How Forest Subsidies Impact Household Income: The Case from China

(1) Background: It is of great significance to evaluate the impact of forestry subsidies on the income of forest farmers to improve policy and enhance efficiency. (2) Methods: Based on the static panel data of household tracking surveys from 2014 to 2018 in Sichuan, Liaoning, and Zhejiang provinces in China, the impacts of forestry subsidies on forest farmer income and impact paths were systematically verified via parameter estimation with the Fixed-Effect model. (3) Results: Forestry subsidies significantly increased forest farmer income. The impact paths could be summarized as follows: First, from the perspective of operating income, forestry subsidies effectively motivated forestry production and promoted the expenditure on forestry production, and thus increased forest farmer operating income. Second, from the perspective of wage income, forestry subsidy policies played a negative role in releasing the forest farmer labor force for off-farm employment. Third, from the perspective of transfer income as a kind of transferred governmental financial subsidy, forestry subsidies covered a large proportion of transfer income for forest farmers. (4) Conclusions: Forestry subsidies could directly increase the transfer income, effectively improve the forestry production capacity, and increase the income of forest farmers. However, forestry subsidies could also bind forest farmers to forestry production to a certain extent, which was not conducive to the liberation of the labor force.

Can Digital Inclusive Finance Narrow the Chinese Urban–Rural Income Gap? The Perspective of the Regional Urban–Rural Income Structure

This paper empirically studies the impact of digital inclusive finance on the income structure of urban and rural residents in eastern, central, and western China. The results show that, first, digital inclusive finance is beneficial to narrowing the urban–rural per capita disposable income gap that has a disequilibrium effect among regions. Second, narrowing the wage income, property income, and transfer income gaps is beneficial but has little effect on the net operating income gap between urban and rural residents. Third, narrowing the wage income, property income, and transfer income gaps reduces the total income gap, and the wage income gap has the strongest intermediary force. In the end, the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures for the development of digital inclusive finance to narrow each of these income gaps in different regions of China.

ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DESA GUNA MENCEGAH KECURANGAN AKUNTANSI (ACCOUNTING FRAUD )

<p>Transfer income to Kucur Village, namely the Village Fund of Rp. 975,736,000 Village Fund Allocation of Rp. 524. 923,600 and the sharing of taxes and levies of Rp. 4,146,000 All are accountable by village officials through administration, reports, and accountability. The research objective was to supervise village financial management to prevent accounting fraud as measured by Permendagri No. 113 of 2014. Researchers researched the Kucur Village office, Dau District, Malang Regency, using a qualitative research type with a descriptive approach and the data used were primary and secondary data. , analyzing data using interviews and documentation, analyzing data using interactive model analysis and analysis techniques focus on administration, reporting, and accountability. The results of the Kucur Village financial research have been effective, it can be seen from the administration, reporting, and accountability, all village cash receipts, and village cash expenditures directly use the application of the side, by using the village financial management sides it is difficult to manipulate.</p>

Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (Studi Pada Daerah Pemekaran di Pulau Sumatera)

Expansion of regions is aimed to prosper the community. In 2018 as many as 314 proposals for expansions could not be approved by the Minister of Home Affairs because the impact was not in line with expectations. This study aims to see the direct effect of the financial performance of the newly formed government regions on economic growth. Expansion area are divided into two forms, namely the old expansion area and the new expansion area. The financial performance of the local government is measured using the ratio of decentralization rates, regional dependency ratios, and the effectiveness of LGR (Locally-Generated Revenue) ratios. Population in this study is all the expansion areas of districts/cities on the island of Sumatera. Time-series secondary data year 2013-2017 covering regional original income, total regional income, transfer income, regional original income budget, and realization of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) were used. Using SPSS tool, the results shows that the ratio of the degree of decentralization has a negative effect on economic growth. Furthermore, regional dependency ratios do not affect economic growth. The LGR effectiveness ratio has a positive effect on economic growth.

ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH KOTA SUKABUMI

Performance measurement is very important in evaluating the performance of local government officials or organizations in their efforts to provide services to the public. This study soughts to provide an overview of the financial performance of the Sukabumi City Government as a region that has won the Unqualified Audit Opinion from the BPK-RI in five consecutive years. The research was conducted using a descriptive quantitative approach. Regional financial ratios were used to measure the financial performance in question. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, it was found that the Sukabumi City Government was quite capable of financing development or operations in the government by self-financing; PAD has always increased from year to year; Others Legal PAD has the highest contribution in contributing to overall PAD revenue; the level of dependence of the Sukabumi City Government on the source of transfer income on average was in the "MEDIUM" category; the achievement of the annual target of the Sukabumi City Government's PAD has been very effective; and the capital expenditure ratio in the Sukabumi City Government was still low below the average capital expenditure ratio in the regional government.

THE FINANCIAL SITUATION AS A STIMULANT OF THE COMPETITIVE POSITION OF RURAL COMMUNES IN THE ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE VOIVODESHIP

Market conditions force local governments to take actions directed to the development and improvement of competitiveness. The efficiency of municipalities is determined by the efficiency and dynamics of development of the entire economy. The financial situation is a component of the competitiveness and responsibility of local authorities for the socio-economic development of the commune. The aim of the article is to analyse the spatial disproportions of the financial situation of rural communes in relation to their competitiveness using the TOPSIS synthetic measure. The analysis was conducted in a system of 69 rural communes of the Świętokrzyskie province. To assess the financial situation, the following were used: own income, local taxes and fees, income from PIT and CIT, operating surplus, transfer income and EU funds, property (investment) expenses, as well as interest and debt expenses. The conducted research showed that in the analysed period of 2007–2017 communes were characterized by stable diversification of financial situation and competitiveness.

IMPLIKASI TRANSFER FISKAL TERHADAP DISPARITAS INCOME

This study aims to determine the implications of fiscal transfer to income disparity in Merauke Regency. The type of data used is time series data which began in 2010-2018 and the data collection was carried out using the documentation method sourced from the Central Statistics Agency of Merauke Regency and the Internet. Data were analyzed using regression analysis models with the help of SPSS 21 software. The results showed that partially or simultaneously fiscal transfers in the form of general allocation fund variables and special autonomy fund variables had a significant positive effect on income disparity variables in Merauke Regency. Keywords: fiscal transfer, income disparity, regional autonomy