A Survey of Application-level Multicast Group Communication and a Proposal for Intelligent Reflectors

A MANET is a self-conFigureuring system of mobile hosts connected by wireless links. The routers are free to move randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily; thus, the network's wireless topology may change rapidly and unpredictably. Routing is the process of exchanging information from one station to the other stations of the network. Multicasting is a popular mechanism for supporting group communication. In a multicast session, the sender transmits only one copy of each message that is replicated within the network and delivered to multiple recipients. This multicast routing is highly deal with self-organized network in recent days due to its broadcast characteristics. However, devising multicast protocols to provide group communications in mobile ad-hoc networks is significantly more complicated, because of the wireless medium, changing topology, battery power and available bandwidth as well. This paper, evaluates two prominent on-demand multicast routing protocols for group communication, namely, Multicast Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (MAODV) and On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol(ODMRP) as increasing number of multicast sources and receivers in both single-active multicast group and multi-active multicast group in the network.

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Thematic-Based Group Communication

Encyclopedia of Networked and Virtual Organizations ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-885-7.ch216 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 1636-1642

Author(s):

Raymond Pardede ◽

Gábor Hosszú ◽

Ferenc Kovács

Keyword(s):

Relative Density ◽

Group Communication ◽

Ip Multicast ◽

Transport Protocol ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Physical Network ◽

Slow Pace ◽

Application Level Multicast ◽

Novel Concept ◽

Network Scalability

In the network level computer group-communication (one-to-many) technology, IP-multicast contributes significant roles in enhancing the physical network scalability by replicating identical packets at routers. However, since its initial proposal the IP-multicast has not been widely enabled due to the slow pace of its deployment. Hence, the application-level multicast (ALM) concept emerged to solve this deployment issue by shifting the multicast support from routers to end-systems. The article reviews the most important facts of the Application-Level Multicast and its proposed models. Furthermore, the article describes a novel concept of modeling relative density of members called bunched mode and a proposed host-end multicast transport protocol called shortest tunnel first (STF). The bunched mode is based on the thematic multicast concept (TMC), which means that it is a typical multicast scenario where there are a lot of interested hosts in certain institutes and these institutes are relatively far from each other. The developed analysis tool NetSim and the implementation of the TMC called PardedeCAST are also presented as the tools of this research.

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Key management for secure multicast group communication in mobile networks

Proceedings DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition ◽

10.1109/discex.2003.1194909 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. Kostas ◽

D. Kiwior ◽

G. Rajappan ◽

M. Dalal

Keyword(s):

Mobile Networks ◽

Key Management ◽

Group Communication ◽

Multicast Group ◽

Secure Multicast

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A NEW APPROACH FOR CENTRALIZED END-SYSTEM MULTICAST PROTOCOL

International Journal of Information Acquisition ◽

10.1142/s021987890600085x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 03 (01) ◽

pp. 77-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

AYMAN EL-SAYED

Keyword(s):

Load Balance ◽

Multicast Routing ◽

Group Communication ◽

Communication Service ◽

New Approach ◽

Multicast Protocol ◽

Group Control ◽

Application Level Multicast ◽

Single Host ◽

Group Members

In this paper we propose a new approach of application-level multicast protocol providing a group communication service. This protocol, called End-System Multicast (ESM), and can be used when native multicast routing is not available. ESM is a centralized protocol where everything is being controlled by a single host called Rendez-vous point (RPL1), connected indirectly to the group members via some hosts called secondary Rendez-vous Point (RPL2). Each RPL2 has some group members that constitute a cluster, and each cluster is controlled by its RPL2. Since the group control is divided among some RPL2 and a main controller (RPL1) manages the relation among RPL2 s and between itself and RPL2 s , we found that the scalability is improved and it also avoids the bottleneck problem near the RPL1, or there is a load balance.

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