A History of the U.K. Balance of Payments

1980 ◽  
pp. 134-193
Author(s):  
A. P. Thirlwall
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals A relação entre o desempenho da Marinha Mercante Brasileira e o Balanço de Pagamentos 1985-2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcides Goularti Filho
Keyword(s):  
Trade Openness ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Merchant Marine ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a trajetória da relação entre o desempenho da Marinha Mercante Brasileira e a conta dos transportes (fretes) do Balanço de Pagamentos entre 1985 e 2010 que envolve o período de forte ajuste fiscal Estado e a retomada o desenvolvimentismo. As mudanças nas políticas destinadas à Marinha Mercante no Brasil, sobretudo pós-1990, alteraram o resultado da conta dos transportes, aumentando as suas despesas. O artigo está dividido em cinco tópicos. Inicialmente, traz uma breve trajetória da Marinha Mercante e da construção naval brasileira, destacando sua expansão e seu desmonte parcial. No segundo momento, será apresentada a atual retomada das atividades do setor brasileiro de navegação, com destaque para as metas definidas no Programa de Aceleração de Crescimento 2006-2010. Em seguida, traçaremos um panorama geral da relação entre abertura a comercial e a frota mercante nacional. No quarto tópico será analisada especificamente a conta dos transportes e o desempenho da Marinha Mercante pós-1985. E, por último, uma breve reflexão.Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss the trajectory of the relationship between the performance of the Brazilian merchant marine and the account of the “freight” Balance of Payments between 1985 and 2010. The changes in policies for the merchant navy in Brazil, especially after 1990, profoundly altered the outcome of the account of the “freight”, increasing their costs. The article is divided into five topics. Initially behind a brief history of the merchant marine and shipbuilding Brazilian highlighting its expansion and partially disassemble, the second time, you will see the actual resumption of activities of the navigation industry in Brazil, with emphasis on the goals set in the Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento 2006 -2010. Then, overview of the relationship between trade openness and the nationalmerchant fleet. In the fourth topic will be examined specifically the account of the “freight” and performance of the merchant navy after 1985. Finally, a brief final reflection.

scholarly journals An alternative theory of real exchange rate determination: theory and empirical evidence for the Mexican economy, 1970-2004

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (273) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A. Martínez Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Foreign Exchange Rate ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Exchange Rate Determination ◽  
Long Run ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exchange Rate Models

The recent history of the Mexican economy has shown that its worst economic crises have been due to balance of payments problems, which eventually lead to foreign exchange rate crises (1976-1977, 1982, 1986-1988 and, 1994-1995). Although conventional exchange rate models hold that in the long-run real exchange rates will move in such a way as to make countries equally competitive, such an argument is far from being true because in reality countries are unequally competitive. In the case of Mexico (Mex), a clear and thorough assessment of real exchange rate determination and its relationship with the balance of payment, especially with the current account, which has been negative since the late forties despite currency devaluations, is necessary.

Devaluation and Domestic Politics in Developing Countries: Indonesia in 1978

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 335-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Thye Woo
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Export Industries ◽  
Near Future

ABSTRACTDevaluations are traumatic events. The historical record shows that a devaluation doubles the probability that a ruling group would be replaced and triples the likelihood that the Minister of Finance would be relieved. Yet in November 1978, Indonesia devalued its currency by 50 percent when observers were not predicting a balance of payments crisis in the near future. The devaluation was undertaken to effect an income transfer to the countryside and the Outer Islands, the centers of traditional agricultural export industries. Since this action contradicts the logic of the dominant models of the Indonesian state, we propose that authoritarian corporatism is a more accurate characterization of the state-society relationship. The economic conditions in the countryside and Outer Islands are important to policy makers because the former has a long history of agrarian radicalism and the latter a history of secessions.

Worth a War? The Importance of the Trade between British America and the Mediterranean

Rough Waters ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. McCusker
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
North African ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
British America ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
War For Independence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Colonial Settlement

This chapter argues that the American presence in the Mediterranean that surged after the Peace of Paris in 1783 was not the beginning of American involvement in the region, but rather a revival of a pre-existing one. It accomplishes this by exploring the history of American maritime activity: analysing the commerce between the British Continental Colonies and Southern Europe from early colonial settlement up to the American War of Independence. It explores both the visible and invisible components of the colonial balance of payments system, and suggests a financial advantage to Americans far higher than previous estimates have offered. It also considers trade between American and Britain after the 1783 Treaty of Paris; the fluctuating rates of trade goods including tobacco, sugar, and fish; and the threat of North African pirates. It concludes that American willingness to go to war for independence was linked to the profitability of their existing trade links in the Mediterranean.

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