The Gap Metric and Internal Stability

Author(s):  
Avraham Feintuch
2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2827-2840 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Morris Jr, C. R. K Renn

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Chin-Hao Huang ◽  
David C. Kang

Abstract State formation occurred in Korea and Japan 1,000 years before it did in Europe, and it occurred for reasons of emulation and learning, not bellicist competition. State formation in historical East Asia occurred under a hegemonic system in which war was relatively rare, not under a balance-of-power system with regular existential threats. Korea and Japan emerged as states between the fifth and ninth centuries CE and existed for centuries thereafter with centralized bureaucratic control defined over territory and administrative capacity to tax their populations, field large militaries, and provide extensive public goods. They created these institutions not to wage war or suppress revolt: the longevity of dynasties in these countries is evidence of both the peacefulness of their region and their internal stability. Rather, Korea and Japan developed state institutions through emulation and learning from China. The elites of both copied Chinese civilization for reasons of prestige and domestic legitimacy in the competition between the court and the nobility.


2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 1854-1857
Author(s):  
Anuar Kasa ◽  
Zamri Chik ◽  
Taha Mohd Raihan

Prediction of internal stability for segmental retaining walls reinforced with geogrid and backfilled with residual soil was carried out using statistical methods and artificial neural networks (ANN). Prediction was based on data obtained from 234 segmental retaining wall designs using procedures developed by the National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA). The study showed that prediction made using ANN was generally more accurate to the target compared with statistical methods using mathematical models of linear, pure quadratic, full quadratic and interactions.


1990 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Tyrphon T. Georgiou ◽  
Malcolm C. Smith

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi IMURA ◽  
Toshiharu SUGIE ◽  
Tsuneo YOSHIKAWA

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