Compressibility and Permeability of Sand-Silt Tailings Mixtures

Microstructure showing the involvement of the fine and coarse grains in the soil skeleton is evaluated. Incremental loading tests using a stress-dependent permeameter are conducted on the mixtures of poorly graded sand and nonplastic fines originating from tailings. The results are compared with the published data of various tailings. It is shown that increasing the fines content from 0 to 100%, the involvement of the fine and coarse components of soil skeleton can be classified into four categories: no fines involvement (<10% fines), fines partially involved (10% —35% fines), increasing cushioning effect surrounding the coarse (35% — 40% fines), and constant cushioning effect (> 40% fines). At the same consolidation stress, the void ratio, e, rapidly decreases for fines less than 30%, then almost remains constant between 30% and 50% fines, and gradually increases for fines exceeding 50%. The hydraulic conductivity, k, decreases more than 20-fold as the fines content increases from 12% to 50%, then remains constant. k is proportional to [e3/(1+e)]A and inversely proportional to S2, where A is a factor describing the effect of particle angularity and S is the specific surface. Finally, the influence of fines content on the seepage-induced internal stability is discussed.

Times of Uncertainty

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world to varying degrees. Moreover, different regions of the world have tried to combat the disease in a variety of ways. Since the beginning of the pandemic in Wuhan, China, the world has been looking in particular at South and Southeast Asia, where great successes were initially achieved in 2020. In 2021, however, the situation there has dramatically worsened. The book seeks explanations for this and tries to show how the different successes in combating the pandemic have affected international relations and the internal stability of the affected countries.

Royal Opportunity: Noble Marriages in the Reigns of Elizabeth I and James VI/I, 1558-1625

<p>This thesis explores Queen Elizabeth I’s and King James VI/I’s management of and involvement in noble marriages from 1558 to 1625 by merging two methodologies: an analysis of an extensive, custom-made database of 380 noble marriages with an examination of primary sources like state papers, personal correspondence, diaries, and ambassadorial reports. This study demonstrates that “noble-marriage management” was a single but efficient method for the implementation of many facets of early modern rule—this made it an important apparatus of the monarchical office and a significant conduit of power. Illuminated within this thesis are Queen Elizabeth’s and King James’s tactics for handling noble marital alliances which included participation and support, avoidance and opposition. They applied their exclusive crown privileges like plural prerogatives of wards’ and widows’ marriages and in loco parentis rights in attempts to control marital unions and they inaugurated new monarch-noble bonds through their patronage of weddings. They communicated religious, succession, and Anglo-Scottish union policies, brought peace, and cultivated a crown-supportive aristocracy by means of their noble marriage involvement. Both monarchs employed multiple aspects of the royal prerogative to manage marriages which, at times, involved manipulating courts, bypassing Parliament, and prolonging punishments. Elizabeth and James also used the royal prerogative to forge their respective legacies of a Protestant kingdom and a unified England and Scotland. By utilising their exclusive privileges, both monarchs secured the freedom and power to intervene in noble marital alliances which preserved the hierarchical system of monarchy, achieving a pro-monarch balance of power and internal stability. In particular, it was through supportive involvement in marriages that Elizabeth and James perpetuated the patronage system and established all-important monarch-noble connections which upheld royal authority. Monarch-noble links became especially important as parliamentary debates on the legitimacy and use of crown privileges increased in the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, exposing both monarchs’ absolutist tendencies.</p>

Royal Opportunity: Noble Marriages in the Reigns of Elizabeth I and James VI/I, 1558-1625

<p>This thesis explores Queen Elizabeth I’s and King James VI/I’s management of and involvement in noble marriages from 1558 to 1625 by merging two methodologies: an analysis of an extensive, custom-made database of 380 noble marriages with an examination of primary sources like state papers, personal correspondence, diaries, and ambassadorial reports. This study demonstrates that “noble-marriage management” was a single but efficient method for the implementation of many facets of early modern rule—this made it an important apparatus of the monarchical office and a significant conduit of power. Illuminated within this thesis are Queen Elizabeth’s and King James’s tactics for handling noble marital alliances which included participation and support, avoidance and opposition. They applied their exclusive crown privileges like plural prerogatives of wards’ and widows’ marriages and in loco parentis rights in attempts to control marital unions and they inaugurated new monarch-noble bonds through their patronage of weddings. They communicated religious, succession, and Anglo-Scottish union policies, brought peace, and cultivated a crown-supportive aristocracy by means of their noble marriage involvement. Both monarchs employed multiple aspects of the royal prerogative to manage marriages which, at times, involved manipulating courts, bypassing Parliament, and prolonging punishments. Elizabeth and James also used the royal prerogative to forge their respective legacies of a Protestant kingdom and a unified England and Scotland. By utilising their exclusive privileges, both monarchs secured the freedom and power to intervene in noble marital alliances which preserved the hierarchical system of monarchy, achieving a pro-monarch balance of power and internal stability. In particular, it was through supportive involvement in marriages that Elizabeth and James perpetuated the patronage system and established all-important monarch-noble connections which upheld royal authority. Monarch-noble links became especially important as parliamentary debates on the legitimacy and use of crown privileges increased in the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, exposing both monarchs’ absolutist tendencies.</p>

Some Notes on Granular Mixtures with Finite, Discrete Fractal Distribution

Why fractal distribution is so frequent? It is true that fractal dimension is always less than 3? Why fractal dimension of 2.5 to 2.9 seems to be steady-state or stable? Why the fractal distributions are the limit distributions of the degradation path? Is there an ultimate distribution? It is shown that the finite fractal grain size distributions occurring in the nature are identical to the optimal grading curves of the grading entropy theory and, the fractal dimension n varies between –¥ and ¥. It is shown that the fractal dimensions 2.2–2.9 may be situated in the transitional stability zone, verifying the internal stability criterion of the grading entropy theory. Micro computed tomography (μCT) images and DEM (distinct element method) studies are presented to show the link between stable microstructure and internal stability. On the other hand, it is shown that the optimal grading curves are mean position grading curves that can be used to represent all possible grading curves.

Ichthyosis in Dogs—Congenital Dermatologic Disorder

The skin provides protective functions, such as thermoregulation, resorption, provision of immune responses, storage and sensory functions, which all play an important role in the internal stability of the organism. The skin has 3 major layers: the epidermis, the dermis and subcutis. The outermost protective layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, consists of 20 to 30 overlapping layers of anucleate cells, the corneocytes. Ichthyosis is an autosomal recessive congenital skin disease, in which the corneocytes form defects that appear like individual steps of the stratum corneum. Ichthyosis is characterized by excessive scaling over the entire body surface and is not curable; the symptoms can only be alleviated. Several genetic variants have been identified in specific dog breeds: PNPLA1 in the Golden Retrievers, SLC27A4 in the Great Danes, NIPAL4 in the American Bulldogs, TGM1 in the Jack Russel Terriers, ASPRV1 in the German Shepherds, which cause different forms of nonepidermolytic ichthyosis and KRT10 in the Norfolk Terriers, which causes epidermolytic ichthyosis. When classifying breeds of dogs predisposed to ichthyosis, it is necessary to determine the presence of defective genes in the genome of the individual animals involved in mating.

Investigating the factors related to the tendency to have rhinoplasty in candidates visiting educational and medical centers in the city of Rasht in 2019

Introduction: Aesthetics is a value for the current Iranian society, leading to a competition to become more beautiful. According to global studies, Iran has the highest rate of cosmetic surgery in the world. Aim: The present study aims to investigate and determine the factors related to the tendency to have rhinoplasty in candidates visiting educational and medical centers in Rasht. Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study in which 230 samples for rhinoplasty were selected based on the gradual visits to be accepted as candidates. Data collection tools include demographic and researcher-made questionnaires to assess the factors related to rhinoplasty. After determining the factors related to the rhinoplasty, Cronbach's alpha and gamma coefficients were used to determine the internal stability of the factors and questions. ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used for the factors’ reliability. SPSS-23 was used for data analysis, and the significance level of the tests was P<0.05. Results: The majority (69.6%) of the studied subjects were married and of the average age of 29.61 ± 8.707, and half of the studied subjects (50%) were married. Also, 37% of the studied subjects were housewives, and 47.8% had a high school diploma. The majority (76.5%) of the studied subjects reported their family income to be sufficient. According to the factor loadings in the study, five factors of competitive attitude, social anxiety, openness, unique surgical conditions, and low self-esteem were identified. The internal stability of the factors and questions was also confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha and gamma coefficient. Competitive attitude had the highest correlation with the tendency to have a rhinoplasty. Conclusion: Because of the direct statistical correlation between various individual and psychological factors and the tendency to have rhinoplasty, it is essential to pay serious attention to this phenomenon and plan appropriately for education, counseling, and treatment for people to reduce this dilemma. Keywords: Cosmetic surgery, rhinoplasty

Phenomenology of Employee Income Tax Policies during the Covid-19 in Indonesia

Objective - Covid-19 is a disaster that impacts various sectors of life, one of which has an impact on a country's tax revenue. Tax incentives are one of the policy steps that the Indonesian government has taken to face the economic strike due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine the factors that influence the implementation of employee income tax policies during the Covid-19. Methodology/Technique - This is a qualitative research using an interpretive paradigm with phenomenological methods. The data of this study are the results of observations and interviews with Corporate Taxpayers, Tax Experts, and Tax Officers. Based on the results of the interview, there are several factors that affect taxpayers' willingness to take advantage of this policy, including the ease of submitting incentives, certainty not to be audited, and not adding to the company's burden. Findings - Employers take advantage of this incentive, namely the company has an interest in maintaining the internal stability of the company. The provision of this incentive will increase (at least maintain) the purchasing power of workers and create a conducive business atmosphere. So, it is true that entrepreneurs will flock to take advantage of this facility. Novelty - This policy is expected to reduce the burden on business activities and help improve the condition of the company's cash flow, particularly during and after the epidemic. Thus, the company is expected not to terminate employment. If this condition occurs, there is potential for the national economy to keep moving, both in terms of production and consumption. Type of Paper - Empirical. Keywords: Employee Income Tax; Tax Policy; Tax Incentive; Covid-19 JEL Classification: H24, H29. URI: http://gatrenterprise.com/GATRJournals/AFR/vol6.1_3.html DOI: https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2021.6.1(3) Pages 69 – 77