Using Simulation Models and Geographic Information Systems to Integrate Ecosystem and Landscape Ecology

1992 ◽  
pp. 324-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pastor ◽  
Carol A. Johnston
Author(s):  
Jin-Hyuk Chung ◽  
Konstadinos G. Goulias

A new method for access management using traffic impact tools is described. The method targets impact assessment of developments combined with large activity centers. The magnitude of impact of large developments necessitates assessment of their regional and local effects on transportation networks. The method described combines regional and local traffic models and uses geographic information systems (GISs) as support tools. It was created as an access control method for computerized models and addresses supply-side transportation improvements (e.g., number of lanes, signalization, and parking controls) and their effect on traffic flow in an attempt to create better quantitative models for congestion management and access control by considering local and regional traffic impacts together. GIS technology enables users to create detailed highway networks for use in regional forecasting models and in smaller traffic simulation models. The data, models, and software used are outlined and an example of application is provided. The initial results show the efficacy of the concept and the resulting models. In the regional model, the new development generates not only new traffic volume on the network, but also route-choice changes influenced by the level of service on the specific corridors in the study area. Another component of the new model is a local model connected to a regional model through interface software. Using Traf-NETSIM, two scenarios were simulated to test the efficacy of this model system. Twenty-four independent simulation runs indicated that the access control scenario results in higher speed and less traffic delay on the primary arterial road.


Author(s):  
Sven Kreft ◽  
Ju¨rgen Gausemeier ◽  
Michael Grafe ◽  
Bassem Hassan

Nowadays, interactive driving simulations are well established to support the design of modern vehicle systems, like driver assistance systems (DAS). They enable to validate properties and functions of DAS in the early development phases. Driving simulations consist of several simulation models that work together at runtime. These partial models represent dedicated aspects of the vehicle, individual vehicle systems as well as the environment. In this context, environment models describe the environment the vehicle is driving through, comprising roads, buildings and vegetation. While models of single vehicle systems are currently systematically built with a high level of detail, building virtual environments is still a mostly manual and time consuming process. Particularly, building environment models that represent specific real world roads is laborious — geographically referenced data has to be gathered and integrated. Geographic information systems (GIS) and their underlying data — geo-data — have great potential to accelerate the generation of environment models. In order to achieve this potential, a systematic integration of geo-data is necessary. During this process, the specific requirements of interactive driving simulations have to be considered. This paper describes a method for the automated generation of virtual roadways based on geographic information systems. The method has been prototypically applied for a concrete road course and the results are briefly presented in this paper.


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