Migration and Dispersal of Shorebirds as a Survival Strategy

1981 ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Survival Strategy

scholarly journals Malaria parasites both repress host CXCL10 and use it as a cue for growth acceleration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifat Ofir-Birin ◽  
Hila Ben Ami Pilo ◽  
Abel Cruz Camacho ◽  
Ariel Rudik ◽  
Anna Rivkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Rich Domain ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractPathogens are thought to use host molecular cues to control when to initiate life-cycle transitions, but these signals are mostly unknown, particularly for the parasitic disease malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The chemokine CXCL10 is present at high levels in fatal cases of cerebral malaria patients, but is reduced in patients who survive and do not have complications. Here we show a Pf ‘decision-sensing-system’ controlled by CXCL10 concentration. High CXCL10 expression prompts P. falciparum to initiate a survival strategy via growth acceleration. Remarkably, P. falciparum inhibits CXCL10 synthesis in monocytes by disrupting the association of host ribosomes with CXCL10 transcripts. The underlying inhibition cascade involves RNA cargo delivery into monocytes that triggers RIG-I, which leads to HUR1 binding to an AU-rich domain of the CXCL10 3’UTR. These data indicate that when the parasite can no longer keep CXCL10 at low levels, it can exploit the chemokine as a cue to shift tactics and escape.

Translation of Mycobacterium Survival Strategy to Develop a Lipo‐peptide based Fusion Inhibitor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradip Kumar Tarafdar ◽  
Avijit Sardar ◽  
Aritraa Lahiri ◽  
Mithila Kamble ◽  
Amirul I. Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Inhibitor ◽  
Survival Strategy

A survival strategy for anatomy

The Lancet ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 365 (9461) ◽  
pp. 754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean HD Fasel ◽  
Philippe Morel ◽  
Philippe Gailloud
Keyword(s):  
Survival Strategy

Mothering Through Addiction: A Survival Strategy among Puerto Rican Addicts

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Hardesty ◽  
Timothy Black
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Survival Strategy

scholarly journals Survival Strategy of Erwinia amylovora against Copper: Induction of the Viable-but-Nonculturable State

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3482-3488 ◽  
Author(s):  
M�nica Ordax ◽  
Ester Marco-Noales ◽  
Mar�a M. L�pez ◽  
Elena G. Biosca
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable ◽  
Cell Counts

ABSTRACT Copper compounds, widely used to control plant-pathogenic bacteria, have traditionally been employed against fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora. However, recent studies have shown that some phytopathogenic bacteria enter into the viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state in the presence of copper. To determine whether copper kills E. amylovora or induces the VBNC state, a mineral medium without copper or supplemented with 0.005, 0.01, or 0.05 mM Cu2+ was inoculated with 107 CFU/ml of this bacterium and monitored over 9 months. Total and viable cell counts were determined by epifluorescence microscopy using the LIVE/DEAD kit and by flow cytometry with 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride and SYTO 13. Culturable cells were counted on King's B nonselective solid medium. Changes in the bacterial morphology in the presence of copper were observed by scanning electron microscopy. E. amylovora entered into the VBNC state at all three copper concentrations assayed, much faster when the copper concentration increased. The addition of different agents which complex copper allowed the resuscitation (restoration of culturability) of copper-induced VBNC cells. Finally, copper-induced VBNC cells were virulent only for the first 5 days, while resuscitated cells always regained their pathogenicity on immature fruits over 9 months. These results have shown, for the first time, the induction of the VBNC state in E. amylovora as a survival strategy against copper.

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